journal article·2024-10-11Open access

Calculation of Maximum Permissible Load of Underground Power Cables–Numerical Approach for Systems with Stabilized Backfill

Seweryn Szultka, Stanislaw Czapp, Adam Tomaszewski, Hanan Tariq

Applied Sciences· Volume 14· Issue 20

Abstract

The maximum permissible load of underground power cables (known in U.S. engineering as “ampacity”) is a function of many parameters, in particular, the thermal resistivity of the native soil. If this resistivity is relatively high, thermal/stabilized backfill is applied, i.e., another material is placed around the cables, providing favourable conditions for heat transfer to the environment. It has a positive impact on the reliability of the power supply and favours the operational durability of the cables. In design practice, however, there is a difficult task—correct determination of the ampacity of the cable line depending on the thermal parameters and the geometry of the backfill. Therefore, this article presents the results of a numerical analysis to determine the ampacity of cable lines in which stabilized backfill is used. A new mathematical relationship is proposed that allows the correction of the ampacity of cable lines depending on their cross-section as well as the thermal and geometric parameters of the cable surroundings.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission · Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures · Electromagnetic Simulation and Numerical Methods

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland

Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jozefa Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland

References (33)

Show source-provided references
1. A Power System Reliability Framework Considering Soil Drying-Out Effect on Underground Cables
2. Analysis of the exploitation failure rate in Polish MV networks10.17531/ein.2018.3.9 ↗
3. Impact of thermal backfill parameters on current-carrying capacity of power cables installed in the ground
4. Reliability optimization in cable system design using a fuzzy uniform-cost algorithm10.1109/24.3718 ↗
5. Application of Earthing Backfill Materials in Desert Soil Conditions10.1109/TIA.2015.2424688 ↗
6. Al-Dulaimi, A.A., Güneşer, M.T., and Hameed, A.A. (2021, January 21–23). Investigation of Thermal Modeling for Underground Cable Ampacity Under Different Conditions of Distances and Depths. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT), Ankara, Turkey.10.1109/ISMSIT52890.2021.9604732 ↗
7. Gouda, O.E., El Dein, A.Z., and Amer, G.M. (2010, January 27–30). The effect of the artificial backfill materials on the ampacity of the under-ground cables. Proceedings of the 7th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, Amman, Jordan.10.1109/SSD.2010.5585551 ↗
8. Economic Optimization of an Underground Power Cable Installation10.1109/TPWRD.2017.2728702 ↗
9. Eckhardt, M., Pham, H., Schedel, M., and Sass, I. (2021, January 19–30). Investigation of Fluidized Backfill Materials for Optimized Bedding of Buried Power Cables. Proceedings of the EGU General Assembly 2021, Göttingen, Germany. EGU21-5654.10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5654 ↗
10. Sundberg, J. (2024, August 29). Evaluation of Thermal Transfer Processes and Back-Fill Material around Buried High Voltage Power Cables. Available online: https://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/238089/local_238089.pdf.
11. Thermal conductivity enhancement of backfill material and soil using enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP)10.1007/s11440-023-02029-6 ↗
12. Derating Factors for Underground Power Cables Ampacity in Extreme Environmental Conditions: A Comparative Study10.18280/ijht.410325 ↗
13. Risk of power cables insulation failure due to the thermal effect of solar radiation10.17531/ein.2020.2.6 ↗
14. Drefke, C., Schedel, M., Balzer, C., Hinrichsen, V., and Sass, I. (2021). Heat Dissipation in Variable Underground Power Cable Beddings: Experiences from a Real Scale Field Experiment. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14217189 ↗
15. Two-Zone Geological Soil Moisture Migration Model for Cable Thermal Rating10.1109/TPWRD.2018.2873775 ↗
16. Soil Dryout in the Vicinity of Cables With Cyclic Load Installed in a Backfill
17. Thermophysical Properties of Bentonite–Sand/Fly Ash-Based Backfill Materials for Underground Power Cable10.1007/s10765-023-03163-9 ↗
18. Czapp, S., and Ratkowski, F. (2021). Optimization of Thermal Backfill Configurations for Desired High-Voltage Power Cables Ampacity. Energies, 14.10.3390/en14051452 ↗
19. (2009). Low-Voltage Electrical Installations—Part. 5-52: Selection and Erection of Electrical Equipment—Wiring Systems (Standard No. IEC 60364-5-52:2009).
20. (2023). Electric Cables—Calculation of the Current Rating—Part 1-1: Current Rating Equations (100% Load Factor) and Calculation of Losses—General (Standard No. IEC 60287-1-1:2023).
21. (2023). Electric cables—Calculation of the current rating—Part 2-1: Thermal Resistance—Calculation (Standard No. IEC 60287-2-1:2023).
22. (2017). Electric Cables—Calculation of the Current Rating—Part 3-1: Sections on Operating Conditions—Reference Operating Conditions and Selection of Cable Type (Standard No. IEC 60287-3-1:2017).
23. Cyclic Loading of Underground Cables Including the Variations of Backfill Soil Thermal Resistivity and Specific Heat With Temperature Variation10.1109/TPWRD.2018.2849017 ↗
24. Cables in Backfills and Duct Banks—Neher/McGrath Revisited10.1109/TPWRD.2020.3017616 ↗
25. Effects of Backfilling on Cable Ampacity Analyzed With the Finite Element Method10.1109/TPWRD.2008.917648 ↗
26. Papadopoulos, T.A., Chrysochos, A.I., and Fotos, M. (September, January 30). Comparison of Power Cables Current Rating Calculation Methods. Proceedings of the 58th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), Dublin, Ireland.
27. The calculation of the temperature rise and load capability of cable systems
28. Experimental Study on the Effect of Soil Moisture Content on Critical Temperature Rise for Typical Cable Backfill Materials10.1109/TPWRD.2022.3220954 ↗
29. Investigation of effect of laying and bonding parameters of high-voltage underground cables on thermal and electrical performances by multiphysics FEM analysis10.1016/j.epsr.2023.109987 ↗
30. Rapid calculation model for transient temperature rise of complex direct buried cable cores10.1016/j.egyr.2023.05.107 ↗
31. Liu, J., Dawalibi, F., Mitskevitch, N., Joyal, M.-A., and Tee, S. (2014, January 7–10). Realistic and accurate model for analyzing substation grounding systems buried in various backfill material. Proceedings of the IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), Hong Kong, China.10.1109/APPEEC.2014.7066170 ↗
32. Jiang, H., Zhao, X., Liang, Y., and Fu, C. (2023, January 8–10). Temperature Rise and Ampacity Analysis of Buried Power Cable Cores Based on Electric-magnetic-thermal-moisture Transfer Coupling Calculation. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES), Chengdu, China.10.1109/ICPES59999.2023.10400138 ↗
33. Introducing Mutual Heating Effects in the Ladder-Type Soil Model for the Dynamic Thermal Rating of Underground Cables10.1109/TPWRD.2015.2390072 ↗