A Watermark-Based Scheme for Authenticating JPEG 2000 Image Integrity That Complies with JPEG Privacy and Security

Network development has made it easier to access multimedia material and to change it by allowing the collection, modification, and transmission of digital data. Additionally, this has led to a rise in malicious use, including unauthorized data distribution and copying. As the quantity of evil activities increases, security issues such as unauthorized use and image forgery are rising. While security solutions for JPEG-1 images are widely available, there remains a significant gap in protection for JPEG 2000 images. In this paper, we propose a new watermark-based forgery detection method to comply with the JPEG Privacy and Security standards and to authenticate JPEG 2000 image integrity in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain. The method proposed divides JPEG 2000 images into groups of blocks (GOBs) within the DWT domain. The watermark is generated by collaborating with the neighboring GOBs and is embedded in the GOBs. It enables you to respond to the collage attack. Experimental results using various sample images show the superiority of the proposed method, showing negligible visual differences between the original and watermarked JPEG 2000 images.