Design and Performance Evaluation of eLoran Monitoring System
Source abstract
Abstract
The monitoring system is one of the indispensable components of the eLoran system, which can monitor the reliability and integrity of the eLoran system. In this paper, an eLoran monitoring system is designed based on the BPL time service system, and an integrity monitoring method based on the receiver time difference prediction model is designed according to the stability and accuracy of the receiver time difference. The deviation between the solved time difference and the predicted time difference is utilized to assist in integrity monitoring at the user’s end. And the test results show that the monitoring system can effectively determine the signal quality and system health of the eLoran system and provide early warning service for the system performance.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Historical Geography and Cartography · Advanced Computational Techniques and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
Funding
the Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences
References (35)
Show source-provided references
1. (2024, May 08). Enhanced Loran (Eloran) Definition Document, Version 0.1. Available online: https://rntfnd.org/wp-content/uploads/eLoran-Definition-Document-0-1-Released.pdf.
2. (2024, May 08). Minimum Performance Standards for Marine eLORAN Receiving Equipment Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services. Available online: https://rtcm.myshopify.com/collections/maritime-navigation-equipment-standards/products/copy-of-differential-gnss-package-both-of-the-current-standards-10402-3-and-10403-3.
3. U.S. Coast Guard and the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary (2024, May 08). Loran-C User Handbook, Available online: https://www.loran.org/otherarchives/1992%20Loran-C%20User%20Handbook%20-%20USCG.pdf.
4. Lo, S., and Enge, P. (2000, January 12–15). Data transmission using LORAN-C. Proceedings of the International Loran Association 29th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, USA.
5. (2018). Transmitted Enhanced Loran (eLoran) Signal Standard (Standard No. SAE9990). Available online: https://www.sae.org/standards/content/sae9990/.
6. (2018). Transmitted Enhanced Loran (eLoran) Signal Standard for Tri-State Pulse Position Modulation (Standard No. SAE9990/1). Available online: https://www.sae.org/standards/content/sae9990/1//.
7. (2018). Transmitted Enhanced Loran (eLoran) Signal Standard for 9th Pulse Modulation (Standard No. SAE9990/2). Available online: https://www.sae.org/standards/content/sae9990/2//.
8. Offermans, G.W.A., and Helwig, A.W.S. (2003). Integrated Navigation System eurofix: Vision, Concept, Design, Implementation & Test. [Ph.D. Thesis, Delft University of Technology].
9. Willigen, D.V., Offermans, G.W.A., and Helwig, A.W.S. (1996, January 20–23). EUROFIX: Definition and Current Status. Proceedings of the IEEE Position Location & Navigation Symposium, Palm Springs, CA, USA.
10. ITU-R (2020, September 30). P.368-9: Ground-Wave Propagation Curves for Frequencies between 10 kHz and 30 MHz. Available online: https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.368/en.
11. (2024, May 15). Computational Methods of LW Ground-Wave Transmission Channels, F0130, SJ 20839-2002, People’s Republic of China Electronics Industry Standard. Available online: https://et.wanfangdata.com.cn/bz/Standard/Detail?standardId=SJ%2020839-2002.
12. (2019, April 20). EU eLoran Efforts Sharpen While U.S. Requirements Study Continues. Available online: https://insidegnss.com/eu-eloran-efforts-sharpen-while-u-s-requirements-study-continues/.
13. Research of Loran-C data demodulation and decoding technology
14. Yang, C., Li, S., and Hu, Z. (2023). Analysis of the Development Status of eLoran Time Service System in China. Appl. Sci., 13.10.3390/app132312703 ↗
15. Providing a Resilient Timing and UTC Service Using eLoran in the United States: Resilient timing using eLoran10.1002/navi.197 ↗
16. Yuan, J., Yan, W., Li, S., and Hua, Y. (2020). Demodulation Method for Loran-C at Low SNR Based on Envelope Correlation–Phase Detection. Sensors, 20.10.3390/s20164535 ↗
17. Accuracy Improvement Technique for Timing Application of LORAN-C Signal10.1109/TIM.2010.2096970 ↗
18. Wang, X.Y., Zhang, S.F., and Sun, X.W. (2017). The Additional Secondary Phase Correction System for AIS Signals. Sensors, 17.10.3390/s17040736 ↗
19. Son, P.W., Park, S.H., Seo, K., Han, Y., and Seo, J. (June, January 27). Development of the Korean eLoran testbed and analysis of its expected positioning accuracy. Proceedings of the 19th IALA Conference, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
20. Improving Loran coverage with low power transmitters10.1017/S0373463309990245 ↗
21. Analysis on Time Variation Analysis of BPL Long Wave Time Service Signal Transmission Delay
22. eLoran Signal Strength and Atmospheric Noise Simulation over Korea10.11003/JKGS.2013.2.2.101 ↗
23. Yan, B., Li, Y., Guo, W., and Hua, Y. (2020). High-Accuracy Positioning Based on Pseudo-Ranges: Integrated Difference and Performance Analysis of the Loran System. Sensors, 20.10.3390/s20164436 ↗
24. Loran Data Modulation: Extensions and Examples10.1109/TAES.2007.4285358 ↗
25. Yan, W., Zhao, K., Li, S., Wang, X., and Hua, Y. (2020). Precise Loran-C Signal Acquisition Based on Envelope Delay Correlation Method. Sensors, 20.10.3390/s20082329 ↗
26. Research Status and Progress on the Enhance Loran-C Navigation Technology
27. Experimental Study on a Modified Method for Propagation Delay of Long Wave Signal10.1109/LAWP.2019.2926734 ↗
28. Accuracy Performance of eLORAN for Maritime Applicaations
29. Loran-C Signal Fast Acquisition Method and Its performance Analysis10.3724/SP.J.1146.2012.01660 ↗
30. (2024, May 15). GBT 14379-1993; Generic Specification Loran-C System, Available online: https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=Uu8Zes3Ntyg=&mode=p.
31. Davis, J.A., Shemar, S.L., and Whibberley, P.B. (2011, January 2–5). A Kalman filter UTC (k) prediction and steering algorithm. Proceedings of the 2011 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control and the European Frequency and Time Forum (FCS) Proceedings, San Francisco, CA, USA.10.1109/FCS.2011.5977793 ↗
32. Prediction of corrections for the Polish time scale UTC (PL) using artificial neural networks
33. Clock disciplined method by using Kalman filter
34. Ren, Y., Li, X.-H., Xue, Y., and Dong, R. (2014, January 19–22). Application of Kalmen filter for steering UTC(Lab) to UTC. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS), Taipei, Taiwan.10.1109/FCS.2014.6859891 ↗
35. A new noise covariance matrix estimation method of Kalman filter for satellite clock errors10.7498/aps.64.080201 ↗