Switchable Fiber Ring Laser Sensor for Air Pressure Based on Mach–Zehnder Interferometer
Source abstract
Abstract
This work shows a study of pressure gas sensing using an optical fiber interferometer inside a gas cell; here, a thin-core fiber modal interferometer (TCFMI) is fabricated using two distinct types of fiber, a single-mode fiber (SMF model 1060XP) and thin-core fiber (TCF model 460 HP). This interferometric structure is set into a ring fiber laser with an ytterbium-doped fiber (YDF) pumped with a 980 nm laser diode. The TCFMI interference spectrum shows wavelength shifting and amplitude variations as the chamber pressure is altered in the range of 5 to 40 PSI; these changes control the ring fiber laser cavity response linearly and lead to good stability in its wavelength operation in a range of 30 nm. The proposed interferometer operates as a wavelength-selective filter in the fiber ring laser cavity. The single laser emission shows a side mode suppression ratio of 34.17 dB. The fiber ring laser is a reliable alternative for air pressure sensing applications.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors · Photonic and Optical Devices · Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, División de Ingenierías Campus Irapuato Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Carretera Salamanca-Valle de Santiago km 3.5 + 1.8 km, Salamanca 36885, Mexico
Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), División de Física Aplicada-Departamento de Óptica, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, No. 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada 22860, Mexico
Investigadoras e Investigadores por Mexico CONAHCYT, Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnologías, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Benito Juárez 03940, Mexico
Tecnologíco Nacional de México Campus Conkal, Avenida Tecnológico s/n Conkal, Mérida 97345, Mexico
Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87149, Mexico
Funding
CONAHCYT · University of Guanajuato
References (49)
Show source-provided references
1. Fiber-optic high-temperature sensor based on thin-core fiber modal interferometer10.1109/JSEN.2010.2042592 ↗
2. Temperature sensor using a multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser
3. Simultaneous measurement of curvature and temperature based on PCF-based interferometer and fiber Bragg grating10.1016/j.optcom.2011.08.048 ↗
4. Highly sensitive axial strain fiber laser sensor based on all-fiber acousto-optic tunable filter10.1109/LPT.2014.2358569 ↗
5. Fiber ring laser-based displacement sensor10.1109/LPT.2016.2533420 ↗
6. All-polymer fiber-optic pH sensor10.1364/OE.26.014610 ↗
7. Relative humidity sensor with optical fiber Bragg gratings10.1364/OL.27.001385 ↗
8. Microstructured optical fiber refractive index sensor10.1364/OL.35.000856 ↗
9. Historical review of microbend fiber-optic sensors10.1109/50.400697 ↗
10. Simultaneous displacement and temperature measurement with cantilever-based fiber Bragg grating sensor10.1016/S0030-4018(01)01157-9 ↗
11. High-pressure and high-temperature characteristics of a Fabry–Perot interferometer based on photonic crystal fiber10.1364/OL.36.000412 ↗
12. Sensitivity characteristics of Fabry-Perot pressure sensors based on hollow-core microstructured fibers10.1109/JLT.2013.2269136 ↗
13. Pressure sensor based on the fiber-optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer10.1007/s13320-010-0017-9 ↗
14. Miniature fiber-optic pressure sensor10.1109/LPT.2004.839002 ↗
15. A novel fiber-optic tapered long-period grating sensor for pressure monitoring10.1109/TIM.2007.899904 ↗
16. Vitoria, I., Zamarreño, C.R., Ozcariz, A., and Matias, I.R. (2021). Fiber optic gas sensors based on lossy mode resonances and sensing materials used therefor: A comprehensive review. Sensors, 21.10.3390/s21030731 ↗
17. Simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature by employing fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer10.1364/OE.22.001680 ↗
18. Microfiber in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer for strain sensing10.1364/OL.38.000757 ↗
19. Fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on microcavities for high-temperature sensing with high sensitivity10.1364/OL.36.003753 ↗
20. Mode transition in complex refractive index coated single-mode–multimode–single-mode structure10.1364/OE.21.012668 ↗
21. Low-cost high-sensitivity strain and temperature sensing using graded-index multimode fibers10.1364/AO.46.002516 ↗
22. Strain and temperature sensing characteristics of single-mode–multimode–single-mode structures10.1109/JLT.2008.2008820 ↗
23. All-fiber curvature sensor based on multimode interference10.1109/LPT.2011.2123086 ↗
24. Advances in optical fiber sensors based on multimode interference (MMI): A review10.1109/JSEN.2020.3015086 ↗
25. Fiber ring laser based on MM, F-PMFBG-MMF filter for three parameters sensing10.1364/OE.25.030946 ↗
26. Single-mode fiber refractive index sensor based on core-offset attenuators10.1109/LPT.2008.926832 ↗
27. High sensitivity of taper-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer embedded in a thinned optical fiber for refractive index sensing10.1364/AO.50.005503 ↗
28. High-sensitivity gas pressure sensor based on hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer10.1364/OE.26.030108 ↗
29. Highly-sensitive gas pressure sensor using twin-core fiber based in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer10.1364/OE.23.006673 ↗
30. Optical fiber strain and temperature sensor based on an in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer using thin-core fiber10.1016/j.optcom.2012.04.046 ↗
31. Ultrasensitive temperature sensor based on refractive index liquid-sealed thin-core fiber modal interferometers10.1109/JSEN.2013.2294012 ↗
32. High-sensitivity Mach–Zehnder interferometric curvature fiber sensor based on thin-core fiber
33. Highly sensitive fiber ring laser sensor for curvature using a modal interferometer10.1109/JSEN.2020.2991960 ↗
34. Fiber-optic refractive-index sensors based on transmissive and reflective thin-core fiber modal interferometers10.1016/j.optcom.2010.01.031 ↗
35. Fiber in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer for gas pressure sensing10.1109/JSEN.2018.2864277 ↗
36. A thin-core fiber modal interferometer for liquid-level sensing10.1088/0256-307X/29/10/104209 ↗
37. Low-cost high-performance fiber-optic pH sensor based on thin-core fiber modal interferometer10.1364/OE.17.022296 ↗
38. Humidity sensor based on a single-mode hetero-core fiber structure10.1364/OL.36.001752 ↗
39. An in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer using thin-core fiber for ammonia gas sensing with high sensitivity10.1038/srep44994 ↗
40. Cascaded fiber MZIs for simultaneous measurement of pressure and temperature10.1016/j.yofte.2021.102629 ↗
41. In-Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Based on Up-Taper Fiber Structure with Er3+ Doped Fiber Ring Laser10.1109/JLT.2016.2576501 ↗
42. Xie, W.-G., Zhang, Y.-N., Wang, P.-Z., and Wang, J.-Z. (2018). Optical Fiber Sensors Based on Fiber Ring Laser Demodulation. Technol. Sens., 18.10.3390/s18020505 ↗
43. Temperature Sensor Using Fiber Ring Laser Based On a Core-Offset Mach-Zehnder Interferometer10.31349/SuplRevMexFis.2.1.109 ↗
44. A highly stable and switchable dual-wavelength laser using coupled microfiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer as an optical filter10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.06.004 ↗
45. Remote gas pressure sensor based on fiber ring laser embedded with Fabry–Perot interferometer and sagnac loop
46. Fiber ring laser sensor for temperature measurement
47. Fiber ring laser sensor based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber10.1016/j.optcom.2015.04.031 ↗
48. Distributed pressure sensor with a mode-locked fiber-ring laser10.1364/OL.26.000590 ↗
49. Fiber in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on an inner air-cavity for high-pressure sensing10.1364/OL.40.001220 ↗