journal article·2023-07-27Open access

Trust Model of Privacy-Concerned, Emotionally Aware Agents in a Cooperative Logistics Problem

Javier Carbo, Jose Manuel Molina

Applied Sciences· Volume 13· Issue 15

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a trust model to be used in a hypothetical mixed environment where humans and unmanned vehicles cooperate. We address the inclusion of emotions inside a trust model in a coherent way to investigate the practical approaches to current psychological theories. The most innovative contribution of this work is the elucidation of how privacy issues play a role in the cooperation decisions of the emotional trust model. Both emotions and trust were cognitively modeled and managed with the beliefs, desires and intentions (BDI) paradigm in autonomous agents implemented in GAML (the programming language of the GAMA agent platform), that communicate using the IEEE FIPA standard. The trusting behavior of these emotional agents was tested in a cooperative logistics problem wherein agents have to move objects to destinations and some of the objects and places are associated with privacy issues. Simulations of the logistic problem show how emotions and trust contribute to improving the performance of agents in terms of both time savings and privacy protection.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation · Access Control and Trust · Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Computer Science Department, University Carlos III de Madrid, Av Gregorio Peces Barba 22, Campus de Colmenarejo, 28270 Madrid, Spain

Funding

Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CACTUS) · Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) · Madrid Government

References (50)

Show source-provided references
1. Picard, R. (1997). Affective Computing, MIT Press.10.1037/e526112012-054 ↗
2. Johnson, G. (2023, July 26). Theories of Emotion. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Available online: http://www.iep.utm.edu/emotion/.
3. Ekman, P. (1999). Handbook of Cognition and Emotion, John Wiley & Sons.
4. Plutchik, R. (2003). Emotions and Life: Perspectives from Psychology, Biology, and Evolution, American Psychological Association.
5. Becker, C., Prendinger, H., Ishizuka, M., and Wachsmuth, I. (2005). Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, Springer.
6. Damasio, A. (1994). Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain, Quill.
7. Ortony, A., Clore, G., and Collins, A. (1988). The Cognitive Structure of Emotion. Contemp. Sociol., 18.10.1017/CBO9780511571299 ↗
8. A Circumplex Model of Affect10.1037/h0077714 ↗
9. Toward a Consensual Structure of Mood10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.219 ↗
10. Mehrabian, A., and Russell, J. (1974). An Approach to Environmental Psychology, MIT Press.
11. The pain anxiety symptoms scale: Development and validation of a scale to measure fear of pain10.1016/0304-3959(92)90113-P ↗
12. The biological basis of personality10.1038/1991031a0 ↗
13. The Effects of Customer Personality Traits on the Display of Positive Emotions10.2307/20159579 ↗
14. Rothbart, M. (2012). Becoming Who We Are: Temperament and Personality in Development, Guilford Press.
15. Eisenberg, N., Damon, W., and Lerner, R. (2006). Handbook of Child Psychology: Social, Emotional, and Personality Development, John Wiley & Sons.
16. Eysenck, H.J., and Eysenck, S.B.G. (1976). Psychoticism as a Dimension of Personality, Taylor & Francis Group.
17. LeDoux, J. (1996). The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life, Touchstone Book, Simon & Schuster.
18. Embodied Conversational Interface Agents10.1145/332051.332075 ↗
19. Prendinger, H., and Ishizuka, M. (2004). Life-Like Characters: Tools, Affective Functions, and Applications, Springer. Cognitive Technologies.10.1007/978-3-662-08373-4 ↗
20. From Greta’s mind to her face: Modelling the dynamics of affective states in a conversational embodied agent10.1016/S1071-5819(03)00020-X ↗
21. Ochs, M., Devooght, K., Sadek, D., and Pelachaud, C. (2006, January 19). A Computational Model of Capability-Based Emotion Elicitation for Rational Agent. Proceedings of the 1st workshop on Emotion and Computing-Current Research and Future Impact, German Conference on Artificial Intelligence (KI), Bremen, Germany.
22. Emotion and Sociable Humanoid Robots10.1016/S1071-5819(03)00018-1 ↗
23. Itoh, K., Miwa, H., Zecca, M., Takanobu, H., Roccella, S., Carrozza, M., Dario, P., and Takanishi, A. (2006). CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, Courses and Lectures, Springer International Publishing.
24. Critical features for the perception of emotion from gait10.1167/9.6.15 ↗
25. Xu, S., Fang, J., Hu, X., Ngai, E., Wang, W., Guo, Y., and Leung, V.C.M. (2022). Emotion Recognition From Gait Analyses: Current Research and Future Directions. IEEE Trans. Comput. Soc. Syst., 1–15.10.1109/TCSS.2022.3223251 ↗
26. Privacy Issues for the Disclosure of Emotions to Remote Acquaintances Without Simultaneous Communication
27. McStay, A. (2018). Emotional AI: The Rise of Empathic Media, SAGE Publications.10.4135/9781526451293 ↗
28. Weiss, G. (2013). Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to Distributed Artificial Intelligence, MIT Press.
29. Agent theories, architectures and languages: A survey
30. Review on Computational Trust and Reputation Models10.1007/s10462-004-0041-5 ↗
31. Castelfranchi, C., and Tan, Y.H. (2001). Trust and Deception in Virtual Societies, Springer.10.1007/978-94-017-3614-5 ↗
32. BDI Agents: From Theory to Practice
33. Specifying protocols for multi-agent system interaction10.1145/1293731.1293735 ↗
34. Barber, K.S., Fullam, K., and Kim, J. (2002, January 15). Challenges for Trust, Fraud and Deception Research in Multi-Agent Systems. Proceedings of the 2002 International Conference on Trust, Reputation and Security: Theories and Practice, AAMAS’02, Berlin, Germany.
35. Bitencourt, G.K., Silveira, R.A., and Marchi, J. (2013, January 12–13). TrustE: An Emotional Trust Model for Agents. Proceedings of the 11th Edition of the European Workshop on Multi-agent Systems (EUMAS 2013), Toulouse, France.
36. The Need for Affective Trust Applied to Trust and Reputation Models10.1145/3078833 ↗
37. Steunebrink, B., Dastani, M., and Meyer, J.J.C. (2009, January 15). The OCC model revisited. Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Emotion and Computing, Paderborn, Germany.
38. A Social Mechanism of Reputation Management in Electronic Communities
39. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the Protection of Natural Persons with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation)
40. Privacy Lost: The Net, Autonomous Agents, and ‘Virtual Information’10.1023/A:1010011512024 ↗
41. Making privacy impact assessment more effective10.1080/01972243.2013.825687 ↗
42. Stewart, B. (2012). Privacy Impact Assessment, Springer.
43. The emotional context of information privacy10.1080/01972243.2015.1107167 ↗
44. Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions10.1016/0092-6566(77)90037-X ↗
45. Affective computing with primary and secondary emotions in a virtual human10.1007/s10458-009-9094-9 ↗
46. Rao, A.S., and George, M.P. (1995, January 12–14). BDI agents: From theory to practice. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems (ICMAS-95), San Francisco, CA, USA.
47. GAMA 1.6: Advancing the Art of Complex Agent-Based Modeling and Simulation
48. Jager, W., Verbrugge, R., Flache, A., de Roo, G., Hoogduin, L., and Hemelrijk, C. (2017). Advances in Social Simulation 2015, Springer International Publishing.10.1007/978-3-319-47253-9 ↗
49. Desai, N., Liu, A., and Winikoff, M. (2012). Principles and Practice of Multi-Agent Systems, Springer.10.1007/978-3-642-25920-3 ↗
50. Bourgais, M., Taillandier, P., and Vercouter, L. (2016, January 19–23). An Agent Architecture Coupling Cognition and Emotions for Simulation of Complex Systems. Proceedings of the Social Simulation Conference, Rome, Italy.