Theoretical Assessment of Runway Capacity for Training and Transport Airport Considering Wake Vortex Encounter Safety: A Case Study of Luoyang Beijiao Airport

Wake vortex is a critical factor affecting aircraft safety and airport runway capacity. To assess the runway capacity of mixed operations for training and transport airports, this study first simulated the wake vortex dissipation process of the commonly used A321 aircraft at Luoyang Beijiao Airport using a wake vortex prediction model. The SR20 training aircraft was selected as the subject for wake vortex encounters, with the rolling moment coefficient used as an indicator to assess the risk of wake encounters, and the wake vortex safety separation was calculated. Finally, a runway capacity model based on runway average service time for mixed training and transport operations was developed, calculating both runway landing capacity and the total runway capacity in the continuous landing and interleaved takeoff mode. The simulation results indicate that under different atmospheric BV frequencies, the safe wake vortex separations for the A321–SR20 combination are 6375 m, 6188 m, and 5700 m, respectively, representing reductions of 31.5%, 33.2%, and 38.4% shorter than the current CCAR-93TM-R6 regulatory separations, and compared to the RECAT 1.5 and RECAT-EU standards. Under reduced separation conditions, runway capacity demonstrated improvement across various atmospheric conditions and operational modes.