A Model to Study the Creep Behavior of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Resin Composites Under Temperature
Source abstract
Abstract
The mechanical characteristics of carbon fiber and epoxy resin composite materials are time-dependent and typically show viscoelastic behavior. Since the use of these materials in engineering applications has increased dramatically in recent decades, it is necessary to ascertain their mechanical properties with the utmost precision. Creep behavior is typically seen in composites made with epoxy resin, which has a viscoelastic behavior. In order to ascertain how these materials will behave over time when exposed to temperature changes, the authors of this research suggest a model using the least squares method. The experimental results verify the accuracy of that model. Engineers may find the results helpful in designing novel carbon fiber-based composite materials with an epoxy resin matrix.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Mechanical Behavior of Composites · Epoxy Resin Curing Processes · Smart Materials for Construction
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
Institute of Solid Mechanics of Romanian Academy, Str. C. Mille, 15, 010141 Bucharest, Romania
Funding
Transylvania University of Brasov
References (55)
Show source-provided references
1. (2025, March 05). Available online: www.hexcel.com.
2. (2025, March 05). Available online: https://www.knowde.com/.
3. (1966). Plastics—Determination of Tensile Properties (Standard No. ISO R527).
4. (2019). Plastics—Determination of Flexural Properties (Standard No. ISO 178).
5. Li, M.Z., Jia, X.Y., Han, Y.C., Gao, L.H., and Ma, Z. (2025). Investigation of damage mechanisms in carbon fiber epoxy resin composites under laser irradiation. Polym. Compos., early access.10.1002/pc.29614 ↗
6. Enhancing the mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy resin laminates through a combination of carbon fiber coating and matrix reinforcement with an aminated para-polyamide10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108740 ↗
7. Donda, G.M., Ortega, F.D., Xavier, G.D., Lima, J.V.F., Ricardo, F.V., Passador, F.R., and de Oliveira, I.R. (2025). Effects of graphene nanoplatelets dispersion on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin and carbon fiber laminated composites. J. Compos. Mater., early access.
8. Lu, J.J., Zheng, C.X., Wang, L., Dai, Y.C., Wang, Z.Y., and Song, Z.B. (2025). T700 Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Resin Composite Material Hygrothermal Aging Model. Materials, 18.10.3390/ma18020369 ↗
9. Duan, X., Yuan, H., Tang, W., He, J., and Guan, X. (2021). A General Temperature-Dependent Stress–Strain Constitutive Model for Polymer-Bonded Composite Materials. Polymers, 13.10.3390/polym13091393 ↗
10. On strain rate and temperature dependent mechanical properties and constitutive models for additively manufactured polylactic acid (PLA) materials10.1016/j.tws.2022.109624 ↗
11. Identification of plasticity-controlled creep and fatigue failure mechanisms in transversely loaded unidirectional thermoplastic composites10.1177/0021998320964252 ↗
12. Stress Analysis of Viscoelastic Composite Materials10.1177/002199836700100302 ↗
13. On the Schapery nonlinear viscoelastic model: A review10.1016/j.euromechsol.2024.105403 ↗
14. Katouzian, M. (1995). On the Effect of Temperature on Creep Behavior of Neat and Carbon Fiber Reinforced PEEK and Epoxy—A micromechanical Approach. [Ph.D. Thesis, Dresden University of Technology].
15. Micromechanical model for off-axis creep rupture in unidirectional composites undergoing finite strains10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107860 ↗
16. Modeling the Viscoplastic Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperatures10.1177/002199839102500401 ↗
17. On the Effect of Temperature on the Creep-Behavior of Neat and Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced PEEK and Epoxy-Resin10.1177/002199839502900305 ↗
18. Optimum stacking in a multi-ply laminate used for the skin of adaptive wings
19. Reflection of hygrothermal waves in a Nonlocal Theory of coupled thermo-elasticity10.1080/15376494.2022.2130484 ↗
20. Relaxed Saint-Venant principle for thermoelastic micropolar diffusion10.12989/sem.2014.51.4.651 ↗
21. Homogenization and averaging methods to predict elastic properties of pre-impregnated composite materials10.1016/j.commatsci.2010.04.040 ↗
22. Simulation of the elastic properties of some fiber-reinforced composite laminates under off-axis loading system
23. Behavior of multiphase fiber-reinforced polymers under short time cyclic loading
24. Advanced Pultruded Glass Fibers-Reinforced Isophthalic Polyester Resin
25. Carbon nanotube bucky paper reinforced polymer composites: A review
26. Study on the Mechanical Properties and Creep Behaviour of Carbon Fiber Nano-Composites. International Conference on Advanced Engineering Materials and Technology (AEMT2011)
27. Numerical study of the effect of carbon fiber/epoxy resin adhesive thickness on the creep behaviour of carbon steel plate joints10.1080/01694243.2019.1613946 ↗
28. Prediction of statistical life time for unidirectional CFRTP under cyclic loading10.1177/07316844211005542 ↗
29. Optimizing the FDM additive manufacturing process to achieve maximum tensile strength: A state-of-the-art review10.1108/RPJ-07-2018-0183 ↗
30. Comparison of short and long term creep testing in high performance polymers10.1016/j.polymertesting.2019.105979 ↗
31. Advanced Polylite composite laminate material behavior to tensile stress on weft direction
32. Fujiwara, T., Takeuchi, M., Daoyuan, C., Liang, Y., Nishioka, N., and Okayasu, M. (2025). Mechanical Properties of Epoxy- and Dicyclopentadiene-Based Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastics at Low and Room Temperatures. Appl. Compos. Mater., early access.10.1007/s10443-024-10302-4 ↗
33. Carbon fiber reinforced microcomposites in two different epoxies10.1016/j.polymertesting.2004.04.007 ↗
34. Enhancements of Creep Compliance of Kevlar and Carbon Fibers Reinforced Sika Epoxy Composites
35. Tan, H., Yan, S., Zhu, S., and Wen, P. (2022). Creep Modeling of Composite Materials Based on Improved Gene Expression Programming. Sci. Rep., 12.10.1038/s41598-022-26548-6 ↗
36. Griffith, W.I. (1978). The Accelerated Characterization of Viscoelastic Composite Materials. [Ph.D. Thesis, VPI & SU].
37. Yeow, Y.T. (1978). The Temperature Behavior of Graphite Epoxy Laminates. [Ph.D. Thesis, VPI & SU].
38. Pomeroy, C.D. (1978). Creep of Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Resins. Creep of Engineering Materials, Mechanical Engineering Publications Ltd.
39. Prediction of creep failure life for unidirectional CFRP with heat-resistant epoxy resin as matrix exposed to high temperature under tension load10.1177/00219983241234578 ↗
40. Long-term creep deformation of carbon fiber/epoxy composites with physical aging: Experimental investigation and constitutive modeling10.1002/pc.27964 ↗
41. Effect of carbon nanofibers on the viscoelastic response of carbon/epoxy composites10.1177/07316844231203787 ↗
42. Long-term viscoelastic properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites using tow prepreg strand specimens10.1080/09243046.2023.2213096 ↗
43. Statistical tensile and flexural fatigue lives of unidirectional CF/PP laminates10.1177/07316844231159951 ↗
44. Katouzian, M., Vlase, S., and Scutaru, M.L. (2021). Finite Element Method-Based Simulation Creep Behavior of Viscoelastic Carbon-Fiber Composite. Polymers, 13.10.3390/polym13071017 ↗
45. Creep/recovery and stress-relaxation tests applied in a standardized carbon fiber/epoxy composite: Design of experiment approach10.1177/0309324719892710 ↗
46. Effect of sustained loading and environmental conditions on the creep behavior of an epoxy adhesive for concrete structures strengthened with CFRP laminates10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.07.026 ↗
47. Activation Theory for Creep of Matrix Resin and Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite10.1007/BF01151100 ↗
48. Prediction of Creep-Rupture of Unidirectional Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite10.1016/0921-5093(94)09730-5 ↗
49. Micromechanisms of load transfer in a unidirectional carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy composite due to fibre failures. Part 2: Influence of viscoelastic and plastic matrices on the mechanisms of load transfer10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.04.029 ↗
50. Callister, W.D., and Rethwisch, D.G. (2020). Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, Wiley.
51. Fung, Y.C. (1965). Fundamentals of Solid Mechanics, Prentice-Hall.
52. The Viscoelastic Behavior of the Principal Compliance Matrix of Unidirectional Graphite Epoxy Composite10.1002/pc.750010107 ↗
53. (2024). Corrosion of Metals and Alloys—Vocabulary (Standard No. DIN EN ISO 8044). Available online: https://www.iso.org/standard/83222.html.
54. (2022). Testing of Metallic Materials—Tensile Test Pieces (Standard No. DIN 50125). Available online: https://www.en-standard.eu/din-50125-testing-of-metallic-materials-tensile-test-pieces.
55. Predictive Model for Creep Behavior of Composite Materials Using Gene Expression Programming10.1007/s10443-023-10109-9 ↗