Tritium Behavior from Vine to Wine

The hydrogen radioactive isotope, tritium, not only reflects seasonal variation in precipitation but also variations on a local level. To use this radioisotope in authentication and geographical indication procedures, the tritium levels in vines, grapes, and wine were measured in two forms: (1) tissue-free water tritium (TFWT), measured in the free water of the plant or the aqueous phase of the wine; (2) organically bound tritium (OBT), measured in the organic part of the plant or wine (as ethanol). This paper presents the tritium behavior in vines from May to October and in the wine produced from harvested grapes for both tritium forms (TFWT and OBT) in connection with environmental tritium concentrations in air and precipitations during the 2019–2023 vegetation periods near the Râmnicu Vâlcea city. If the tritium of tissue-free water was influenced by precipitation and air humidity during the harvest period, the organically bound tritium recorded a maximum level with a delay of 1–2 months compared with tritium’s seasonal variation in precipitation and air. The tritium values of early mean in precipitation and ethanol from wine were approximately an average value of 11 TU for all 5 years of observations.