Optimizing Ambulance Allocation in Dynamic Urban Environments: A Historic Data-Driven Approach

In this study, we present a methodology to solve the multi-period ambulance relocation problem based on historical data. We present a methodology to convert historical data in latitude–longitude coordinates into cell-based network data. Then, we propose a mixed-integer programming model that utilizes the converted data for the concomitant problem. Patient incidence is highly uncertain. Rather than simply covering historical demand, we propose a methodology that allows ambulances to reach as many locations as possible at any given time within a limited amount of time, the golden time. We experimented with real data from Seoul, South Korea, and show that the proposed mathematical model can derive an efficient ambulance operation policy with fewer ambulances.