The Use of Mulch and Shading Improves the Survival of Sclerophyllous Species Established in Island Plots in Central Chile

Climate change is threatening the restoration efforts in Mediterranean ecosystems, and there is still little knowledge about the responses of some sclerophyllous species to plant management techniques. This study assessed the effects of the planting date, use of mulch, and controlling light levels on the early survival and growth of sclerophyllous species established in island plots. A factorial design was installed in the Metropolitan Region of central Chile, with a treatment combination that included three planting dates (January: midsummer, April: autumn, and June: winter), three light levels (full sun exposed (T0), shaded at 35% (T35), and shaded at 70% (T70)), and two mulch levels (no mulch versus mulch application). Additionally, we tested the species effects within the island plot. We measured survival, as well as plant diameter and height increments, 1 year after establishment. Each island plot contained three seedlings of Acacia caven Mol., two of Quillaja saponaria Mol., two of Maytenus boaria Mol., one of Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera, and one of Cryptocarya alba (Mol.) Losser. We found a significant main effect for all the factors assessed. Despite the high mortality in the trial, survival was increased around fourfold by planting in winter, using mulch, or using either of the shading levels. At the species level, average survival ranged from 7% for C. alba to 27% for S. polygamous. To increase plant survival in the restoration of this ecosystem, it is necessary to intensify the management techniques and the use of these types of eco-technologies; if not, the restoration may fail.