journal article·2025-01-16Open access

Upper Limb Orthoses: Integrating Topology Optimization and 3D Printing for Custom Fit and Function

Stefanos Voulgaris, Charoula Kousiatza, George Kazakis, Konstantinos-Iason Ypsilantis, Dimitrios Galanis, Chara Ch. Mitropoulou, Maria Gkara, Stelios K. Georgantzinos, Konstantinos Soultanis, Nikos D. Lagaros

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 2

Abstract

Customized wrist splints, particularly for upper extremity orthoses like wrist support braces, are commonly used across numerous clinical scenarios. However, the traditional process for producing personalized wrist splints is largely manual and highly dependent on the expertise of orthopedic specialists. This experience-based approach often leads to suboptimal outcomes, necessitating further refinement of the designs. Recent advancements in Additive Manufacturing (AM) have brought significant innovation to various industries, including orthopedics. This study aims to present a comprehensive methodology that integrates advanced design tools, like 3D Scanning, with digital manufacturing techniques to produce tailored wrist splints. The produced hand brace aims to offer enhanced mechanical performance and comfort by precisely fitting an individual’s anatomy while minimizing material usage and weight. To achieve optimal design efficiency, the study explores the application of a topology optimization (TO) approach for design, while the manufacturing process utilizes Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), an evolving technology within the additive manufacturing (AM) sector.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Topology Optimization in Engineering · Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials · Advanced Numerical Analysis Techniques

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Structural Engineering, Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University Athens, Zografou Campus, Heroon Polytechniou Str. 9, 15780 Athens, Greece

Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies and Testing, Department of Industrial Management and Technology, University of Piraeus, Karaoli and Dimitriou 80, 18534 Piraeus, Greece

Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Div. LMSD, Jan De Nayerlaan 5, 2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium

First Department of Orthopaedics, Attiko Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece

Infersence Ltd., Agiou Sosti Str., 32300 Orchomenos, Greece

Innovasphere Ltd., Stara Planina Str. 80, 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria

Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Psachna, Greece

Funding

OrThOP3Dics project

References (31)

Show source-provided references
1. The Effects of Scaphoid and Colles Casts on Hand Function10.1016/J.JHSB.2006.03.163 ↗
2. Frequency of cast-related complications and influencing factors in patients with casts10.1016/j.ijotn.2022.100955 ↗
3. Cast-Related Complications
4. Patient specific ankle-foot orthoses using rapid prototyping10.1186/1743-0003-8-1 ↗
5. Rapid customization system for 3D-printed splint using programmable modeling technique—A practical approach10.1186/s41205-018-0027-6 ↗
6. 3D-printed brace in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A study protocol of a prospective randomised controlled trial10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038373 ↗
7. 3D printing orthopedic scoliosis braces: A test comparing FDM with thermoforming10.1007/s00170-020-06181-1 ↗
8. Ronca, A., Abbate, V., Redaelli, D.F., Storm, F.A., Cesaro, G., De Capitani, C., Sorrentino, A., Colombo, G., Fraschini, P., and Ambrosio, L. (2022). A Comparative Study for Material Selection in 3D Printing of Scoliosis Back Brace. Materials, 15.10.3390/ma15165724 ↗
9. Case series: 3D printed orthopedic brace combined with traditional manipulative physiotherapy to treat new-onset scoliosis in adults10.1097/MD.0000000000028429 ↗
10. Rossetos, I., Gantes, C.J., Kazakis, G., Voulgaris, S., Galanis, D., Pliarchopoulou, F., Soultanis, K., and Lagaros, N.D. (2024). Numerical Modeling and Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Conventional and 3D-Printed Spinal Braces. Appl. Sci., 14.10.3390/app14051735 ↗
11. Rogkas, N., Vakouftsis, C., Spitas, V., Lagaros, N.D., and Georgantzinos, S.K. (2022). Design Aspects of Additive Manufacturing at Microscale: A Review. Micromachines, 13.10.3390/mi13050775 ↗
12. Optimization design of thumbspica splint using finite element method10.1007/s11517-006-0131-4 ↗
13. A case study on topology optimized design for additive manufacturing10.1088/1757-899X/276/1/012026 ↗
14. Topology optimization of structures with stress and additive manufacturing constraints10.15632/jtam-pl/118899 ↗
15. Lightweight Splint Design for Individualized Treatment of Distal Radius Fracture10.1007/s10916-019-1404-4 ↗
16. Customization and topology optimization of compression casts/braces on two-manifold surfaces10.1016/j.cad.2019.02.005 ↗
17. Optimisation-driven design in the architectural, engineering and construction industry10.1680/jstbu.22.00032 ↗
18. The Mosaic of Metaheuristic Algorithms in Structural Optimization10.1007/s11831-022-09773-0 ↗
19. Bendsøe, M.P., and Sigmund, O. (2004). Topology Optimization, Springer.10.1007/978-3-662-05086-6 ↗
20. Rozvany, G. (2000, January 6–8). The SIMP method in topology optimization—Theoretical background, advantages and new applications. Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Long Beach, CA, USA.10.2514/6.2000-4738 ↗
21. A 99 Line Topology Optimization Code Written in MATLAB10.1007/s001580050176 ↗
22. Efficient topology optimization in MATLAB using 88 lines of code10.1007/s00158-010-0594-7 ↗
23. Generating optimal topologies in structural design using a homogenization method10.1016/0045-7825(88)90086-2 ↗
24. Kazakis, G., and Lagaros, N.D. (2022). Topology Optimization Based Material Design for 3D Domains Using MATLAB. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app122110902 ↗
25. EinScan (2024, August 02). EinScan-SE Powerful Desktop 3D Scanner. Available online: https://www.einscan.com/einscan-se/.
26. Meshmixer (2024, August 02). Meshmixer by Autodesk. Available online: https://apps.autodesk.com/FUSION/en/Detail/Index?id=4108920185261935100&appLang=en&os=Win64.
27. Altair (2024, August 02). Driving More Design with Simulation|Altair HyperWorks. Available online: https://altairengineering.fr/next-gen-hyperworks/?__hstc=66081521.99a265337744294b740e0787aea508c4.1576022402545.1576022402546.1576022402547.1&__hssc=66081521.1.1576022402548&__hsfp=3969827736.
28. Measuring Wrist Muscle Strength10.2519/jospt.1983.4.4.217 ↗
29. Flashforge (2024, August 02). Flashforge Creator 3 FDM 3D Printer Large Build Volume. Available online: https://top3dshop.com/product/flashforge-creator-3-3d-printer#:~:text=The%20Flashforge%20Creator%203%20offers,smaller%20ones%20in%20one%20go.
30. Webster, J.B., and Murphy, D.P. (2019). Atlas of Orthoses and Assistive Devices, Elsevier. [5th ed.].
31. Treatment of Distal Forearm Fractures in Children10.1177/1457496920983104 ↗