The Effect of Exposure to an Electromagnetic Field on Entomopathogenic Fungi

Background: The rapid development of mobile communication has caused an increase in electromagnetic field (EMF) emissions in the environment. However, there is a lack of research on the impact of EMFs on microorganisms. Thus, the aim of the study was the determine the effect of exposure to 900 and 1800 MHz electromagnetic fields on the entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) Beauveria bassiana, Cordyceps fumosorosea, and Metarhizium anisopliae. Methods: The entomopathogenic fungi developed under exposure to an EMF for seven days. After the termination of exposure, the linear colony growth, sporulation, gemination, and pathogenicity of the EPFs were investigated. Results: The effect of EMFs on B. bassiana, C. fumosorosea, and M. anisopliae depended on the EMF frequency and the tested fungus species. Exposure to the 900 MHz frequency stimulated the growth of the mycelium and the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic fungi, whereas the 1800 MHz electromagnetic field inhibited sporulation and spore germination. Conclusions: The exposure to the 900 MHz frequency stimulated the development of the mycelium of all tested species and the pathogenicity of C. fumosorosea. The sporulation and germ tube length of the entomopathogenic fungi were stimulated by the 900 MHz frequency. The 1800 MHz electromagnetic field inhibited the sporulation and spore germination of B. bassiana.