journal article·2024-07-23Open access

Anti-Obesity and Antidiabetic Effects of Fig (Ficus carica L.) Fermented Extract Using Lactobacillus plantarum BT-LP-01

Hwal Choi, Jihye Choi, Yuseong Jang, Young-Min Lee, Myoung-Hak Kang, Hyuck-Se Kwon, Sokho Kim, Jungkee Kwon

Applied Sciences· Volume 14· Issue 15

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effect of fermented fig (Ficus carica L., FF) on obesity and diabetes in a mouse model. FF was cultured with the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum BT-LP-01 and isolated from fig peels. The antioxidant results demonstrated that FF exhibited DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. In addition, FF showed high levels of total polyphenol and total flavonoids. Body and organ weight and dietary intake were significantly decreased in the FF groups compared to the HFD group. The FF group showed improved recovery in lipid metabolism and liver function compared to the HFD group. In addition, the FF group showed a significant decrease in serum C-P and insulin concentrations compared to the HFD group. FF-administered mice showed a dose-dependent recovery of fasting blood glucose and IPGTT and AUC levels compared to the HFD group. Furthermore, FF groups showed a decreased expression in FAS, C/EBPα, and FABP4, as well as significantly increased expression in ACC in the liver. This study demonstrates that FF is effective in reducing and inhibiting adipogenesis as well as lowering body weight, the blood glucose level, and lipid-related factors. These research findings demonstrate that FF is effective in treating obesity and diabetes.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Phytochemistry and biological activities of Ficus species · Regulation of Appetite and Obesity · Ginger and Zingiberaceae research

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-si 54596, Republic of Korea

Alldayorganic Co., Ltd., 30-39 Gojeong 1-ro 82 beon-gil, Gimpo-si 10009, Republic of Korea

R&D Team, Food & Supplement Health Claims, Vitech Co., Ltd., #602 Giyeon B/D 141 Anjeon-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea

School of Liberal Studies, Regulatory Science Major, Kunsan National University, 558 Daehak-ro, Gunsan-si 54150, Republic of Korea

Funding

Starting Growth Technological R&D Program

References (78)

Show source-provided references
1. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) (2017). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet, 390, 2627–2642.
2. Inhibition of triglyceride synthesis as a treatment strategy for obesity: Lessons from DGAT1-deficient mice10.1161/01.ATV.0000151874.81059.ad ↗
3. Transcriptional factors that promote formation of white adipose tissue10.1016/j.mce.2009.08.023 ↗
4. Adipocyte differentiation from the inside out10.1038/nrm2066 ↗
5. Adipose tissue and atherothrombosis10.1159/000083816 ↗
6. Levels of adiponectin, a marker for PPAR-gamma activity, correlate with skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis: Potential utility as biomarker?10.1186/ar3827 ↗
7. Obesity in IBD: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, disease course and treatment outcomes10.1038/nrgastro.2016.181 ↗
8. Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease10.1172/JCI57132 ↗
9. Insulin resistance in obesity: An overview of fundamental alterations10.1007/s40519-018-0481-6 ↗
10. Metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.315896 ↗
11. Montserrat-de la Paz, S., Pérez-Pérez, A., Vilariño-García, T., Jiménez-Cortegana, C., Muriana, F.J.G., Millán-Linares, M.C., and Sánchez-Margalet, V. (2021). Nutritional modulation of leptin expression and leptin action in obesity and obesity-associated complications. J. Nutr. Biochem., 89.10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108561 ↗
12. European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults10.1159/000442721 ↗
13. Comparative effectiveness and safety of medications for type 2 diabetes: An update including new drugs and 2-drug combinations10.7326/0003-4819-154-9-201105030-00336 ↗
14. Lactobacillus alleviated obesity induced by high-fat diet in mice10.1111/1750-3841.15971 ↗
15. Antioxidant activities and anthocyanin content of fresh fruits of common fig (Ficus carica L.)10.1021/jf060497h ↗
16. Cyanidin-3-rutinoside alleviates postprandial hyperglycemia and its synergism with acarbose by inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase10.3164/jcbn.10-116 ↗
17. Phytosterols and fatty acids in fig (Ficus carica, var. Mission) fruit and tree components10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb11332.x ↗
18. The therapeutic effects of Ficus carica extract as antioxidant and anticancer agent10.1016/j.sajb.2021.04.019 ↗
19. Antitumoral activity of Ficus carica L. on colorectal cancer cell lines10.14715/cmb/2019.65.6.2 ↗
20. Fig “Ficus carica L.” and its by-products: A decade evidence of their health-promoting benefits towards the development of novel food formulations10.1016/j.tifs.2022.06.010 ↗
21. Anticancer Activity of Methanol Extract of Ficus carica Leaves and Fruits Against Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Necrosis in Huh7it Cells10.1177/1176935119842576 ↗
22. Lactobacillus plantarum prevents obesity via modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites in high-fat feeding mice10.1016/j.jff.2020.104103 ↗
23. Diverse conditions contribute to the cholesterol-lowering ability of different Lactobacillus plantarum strains10.1039/D0FO02073G ↗
24. Effects of probiotics on body weight, body mass index, fat mass and fat percentage in subjects with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials10.1111/obr.12626 ↗
25. Anticancer activity of lactic acid bacteria10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.013 ↗
26. New perspectives of Lactobacillus plantarum as a probiotic: The gut-heart-brain axis10.1007/s12275-018-8079-2 ↗
27. Reduction of serum cholesterol and its mechanism by Lactobacillus plantarum H6 screened from local fermented food products10.1039/C9FO02478F ↗
28. Lactobacillus plantarum 23-1 improves intestinal inflammation and barrier function through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in obese mice10.1039/D1FO04316A ↗
29. Probiotics supplementation for the obesity management; A systematic review of animal studies and clinical trials10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.039 ↗
30. Effect of fermentation on the antioxidant activity in plant-based foods10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.112 ↗
31. Effects of fermentation on antioxidant properties and phytochemical composition of soy germ10.1002/jsfa.6666 ↗
32. Behera, S.S., Ray, R.C., and Zdolec, N. (2018). Lactobacillus plantarum with Functional Properties: An Approach to Increase Safety and Shelf-Life of Fermented Foods. BioMed Res. Int., 2018.10.1155/2018/9361614 ↗
33. Effect of chitosan coating combined with thymol essential oil on physicochemical and qualitative properties of fresh fig (Ficus carica L.) fruit during cold storage10.1007/s11694-019-00030-w ↗
34. Phenolic profiles, antioxidant capacities and flavour volatiles in fig (Ficus carica L.) juices from five cultivars fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus10.1111/ijfs.16711 ↗
35. Evaluation of the antifungal activity of cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus species against the fig (Ficus carica. L) postharvest fungal pathogens through in-vitro and in-silico analysis10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113182 ↗
36. Fig juice fermented with lactic acid bacteria as a nutraceutical product10.15171/PS.2016.40 ↗
37. Lactobacillus plantarum KFY04 prevents obesity in mice through the PPAR pathway and alleviates oxidative damage and inflammation10.1039/D0FO00519C ↗
38. Anti-obesity Effect of Yogurt Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum Q180 in Diet-induced Obese Rats10.5851/kosfa.2016.36.1.77 ↗
39. Anti-diabetic effect of mulberry leaf extract fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum
40. Pan, R., Xu, T., Bai, J., Xia, S., Liu, Q., Li, J., Xiao, X., and Dong, Y. (2020). Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum fermented barley on plasma glycolipids and insulin sensitivity in subjects with metabolic syndrome. J. Food Biochem., 44.10.1111/jfbc.13471 ↗
41. An algorithm for the grading of activity in chronic hepatitis C10.1002/hep.510240201 ↗
42. Ethyl acetate fraction of GGEx18 modulates feeding efficiency ratio and blood leptin level in high fat diet-fed obese mice
43. Statin-induced rhabdomyolysis: A complication of a commonly overlooked drug interaction10.1093/omcr/omx104 ↗
44. Obesity and fat metabolism
45. High fat diet consumption differentially affects adipose tissue inflammation and adipocyte size in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats10.1038/ijo.2017.280 ↗
46. Obesity, inflammation, and liver cancer10.1016/j.jhep.2011.09.020 ↗
47. Kefir peptides prevent hyperlipidemia and obesity in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats via lipid metabolism modulation10.1002/mnfr.201700505 ↗
48. Physiological adaptations to weight loss and factors favouring weight regain10.1038/ijo.2015.59 ↗
49. DHA-enriched phosphatidylserine ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and intestinal dysbacteriosis in mice induced by a high-fat diet10.1039/D0FO03471A ↗
50. Obesity, inflammation and the immune system10.1017/S0029665112000092 ↗
51. Lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissue and lipotoxicity10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.049 ↗
52. Obesity and diabetes in the developing world—A growing challenge10.1056/NEJMp068177 ↗
53. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 deficiency lowers blood glucose and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice10.1152/ajpendo.00536.2007 ↗
54. High fat diet induced obesity model using four strains of mice: Kunming, C57BL/6, BALB/c and ICR10.1538/expanim.19-0148 ↗
55. Serum TAG analysis differentiates between genetic and obesity-associated NAFLD10.2337/db13-1500 ↗
56. Pomegranate flower ameliorates fatty liver in an animal model of type 2 diabetes and obesity10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.035 ↗
57. Pomegranate fruit pulp polyphenols reduce diet-induced obesity with modulation of gut microbiota in mice10.1002/jsfa.11535 ↗
58. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity and the metabolic syndrome10.1016/j.bpg.2014.07.008 ↗
59. Lipid droplets and liver disease: From basic biology to clinical implications10.1038/nrgastro.2017.32 ↗
60. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet–induced obesity and diabetes in mice10.2337/db07-1403 ↗
61. Atherosclerosis, diabetes and lipoproteins10.1586/erc.10.45 ↗
62. Lactobacillus paracasei 24 attenuates lipid accumulation in high-fat deit-induced obese mice by regulating the gut microbiota10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07884 ↗
63. Probiotics L. plantarum and L. curvatus in combination alter hepatic lipid metabolism and suppress diet-induced obesity10.1002/oby.20428 ↗
64. Anti-obesity potential of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K8 in 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet mice10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12926 ↗
65. Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 regulates gut microbiota and adipose tissue accumulation in a diet-induced obesity murine model10.1007/s00253-016-7953-2 ↗
66. Association between baseline LDL-C level and total and cardiovascular mortality after LDL-C lowering: A systematic review and meta-analysis10.1001/jama.2018.2525 ↗
67. Low HDL cholesterol levels10.1056/NEJMc052783 ↗
68. HDL and reverse cholesterol transport: Basic mechanisms and their roles in vascular health and disease10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.312617 ↗
69. Obesity and insulin resistance10.1172/JCI10842 ↗
70. The role of impaired early insulin secretion in the pathogenesis of type II diabetes mellitus10.1007/s001250100580 ↗
71. C-peptide, glycaemic control, and diabetic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A real-world study10.1002/dmrr.3514 ↗
72. A practical review of C-peptide testing in diabetes10.1007/s13300-017-0265-4 ↗
73. Kern, L., Mittenbühler, M.J., Vesting, A.J., Ostermann, A.L., Wunderlich, C.M., and Wunderlich, F.T. (2018). Obesity-induced TNFα and IL-6 signaling: The missing link between obesity and inflammation—Driven liver and colorectal cancers. Cancers, 11.10.3390/cancers11010024 ↗
74. Pro-inflammatory cytokines: The link between obesity and osteoarthritis10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.10.002 ↗
75. Hepatoprotective effect of mulberry water extracts on ethanol-induced liver injury via anti-inflammation and inhibition of lipogenesis in C57BL/6J mice10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.011 ↗
76. Nitric oxide in liver diseases10.1016/j.tips.2015.05.001 ↗
77. Kang, M.C., King, Y., Kim, H.S., Jeon, Y.J., and Lee, S.H. (2019). Inhibition of adipogenesis by diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) through AMPK activation in adipocytes. Mar. Drugs, 17.10.3390/md17010044 ↗
78. AMPK in health and disease10.1152/physrev.00011.2008 ↗