Solution-processing approach of nanomaterials toward an artificial sensory system

Abstract Artificial sensory systems have emerged as pivotal technologies to bridge the gap between the virtual and real-world, replicating human senses to interact intelligently with external stimuli. To practically apply artificial sensory systems in the real-world, it is essential to mass-produce nanomaterials with ensured sensitivity and selectivity, purify them for desired functions, and integrate them into large-area sensory devices through assembly techniques. A comprehensive understanding of each process parameter from material processing to device assembly is crucial for achieving a high-performing artificial sensory system. This review provides a technological framework for fabricating high-performance artificial sensory systems, covering material processing to device integrations. We introduce recent approaches for dispersing and purifying various nanomaterials including 0D, 1D, and 2D nanomaterials. We then highlight advanced coating and printing techniques of the solution-processed nanomaterials based on representative three methods including (i) evaporation-based assembly, (ii) assisted assembly, and (iii) direct patterning. We explore the application and performances of these solution-processed materials and printing methods in fabricating sensory devices mimicking five human senses including vision, olfaction, gustation, hearing, and tactile perception. Finally, we suggest an outlook for possible future research directions to solve the remaining challenges of the artificial sensory systems such as ambient stability, device consistency, and integration with AI-based software.