Blast and Impact Analyses of RC Beams Considering Bond-Slip Effect and Loading History of Constituent Materials
Source abstract
Abstract
An improved numerical model that can simulate the nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete beams subjected to blast and impact loadings is introduced in this paper. The layered section approach is based in the formulation, and the dynamic material behaviors of concrete and steel are defined with the use of the dynamic increase factor. Unlike the classical layered section approach that usually gives conservative structural responses because of no consideration of the bond-slip effect, the introduced numerical model takes into account the bond-slip between reinforcing steel and surrounding concrete by changing the bending stiffness EI of elements placed within the plastic hinge length. Since the bond-slip developed after yielding of reinforcing steel is dominant and accompanies fixed-end rotation, the equivalent bending stiffness to be used in the critical region can be evaluated on the basis of the compatibility condition. In advance, the consideration of the unloading and reloading histories of reinforcing steel and concrete makes it possible to exactly trace the structural behavior even after reaching the maximum structural response. Finally, correlation studies between analytical results and experimental data are conducted to establish the validity of the introduced numerical model, and the obtained results show that it is important to consider the bond-slip effect and the loading history of constituent materials.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Structural Response to Dynamic Loads · High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior · Fire effects on concrete materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (53)
Show source-provided references
1. ACI Committee, & ACI. (2008). Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-08) and commentary.
2. Ayoub, A., & Filippou, F. C. (1999). Mixed formulation of bond-slip problems under cyclic loads. Journal of Structural Engineering, 125(6), 661–671.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:6(661) ↗
3. Bayrak, O., & Sheikkh, S. (1997). High-strength concrete columns under simulated earthquake loading. ACI Structural Journal, 94(6), 708–722.
4. Belarbi, A., & Hsu, T. T. C. (1994). Constitutive laws of concrete in tension and reinforcing bars stiffened by concrete. ACI Structural Journal, 91(4), 465–474.
5. Bicanic, N., de Borst, R., Mang, H., & Meschke, G. (2011). Computational modelling of concrete structures. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
6. Biggs, J. M. (1964). Introduction to structural dynamics. New York: McGraw-Hill.
7. Cadoni, E., Solomos, G., & Albertini, C. (2009). Mechanical characterisation of concrete in tension and compression at high strain rate using a modified Hopkinson bar. Magazine of Concrete Research, 61(3), 221–230.10.1680/macr.2006.00035 ↗
8. Carta, G., & Stochino, F. (2013). Theoretical models to predict the flexural failure of reinforced concrete beams under blast loads. Engineering Structures, 49, 306–315.10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.11.008 ↗
9. Chen, G. M., Chen, J. F., & Teng, J. G. (2012). On the finite element modelling of RC beams shear-strengthened with FRP. Construction and Building Materials, 32, 13–26.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.101 ↗
10. Comite Euro-International. (1993). Ceb-fip model code 1990: Design code du beton. Wiltshire: Redwood Books.10.1680/ceb-fipmc1990.35430 ↗
11. Craig, R. R., Jr., & Kurdila, A. J. (2006). Fundamentals of structural dynamics (2nd ed.). Hoboken: Wiley.
12. Cusatis, G. (2011). Strain-rate effects on concrete behavior. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 38(4), 162–170.10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.10.030 ↗
13. Filippou, F. C., Popov, E. P., & Bertero, V. V. (1983). Effects of bond deterioration on hysteretic behaviour of reinforced concrete joints. Berkeley, CA: Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
14. Fujikake, K., Li, B., & Soeun, S. (2009). Impact response of reinforced concrete beam and its analytical evaluation. Journal of Structural Engineering, 135(8), 938–950.10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000039 ↗
15. Fujikura, S., & Bruneau, M. (2011). Dynamic analysis of multihazard-resistant bridge piers having concrete-filled steel tube under blast loading. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 17(2), 249–258.10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000270 ↗
16. Gergely, P., & Lutz, L. A. (1968). Maximum crack width in reinforced concrete flexural members, Sp 20-6, 87–117.
17. Guner, S. (2016). Simplified modeling of frame elements subjected to blast loads. ACI Structural Journal, 113(2), 363–372.10.14359/51688064 ↗
18. Hao, Y., Hao, H., & Zhang, X. H. (2012). Numerical analysis of concrete material properties at high strain rate under direct tension. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 39(1), 51–62.10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2011.08.006 ↗
19. Hibbitt, & Karlsson and Sorenson Inc. (2001). ABAQUS/standard user’s manual. Providence, RI: Hibbitt, & Karlsson and Sorenson Inc.
20. Jones, J., Wu, C., Oehlers, D. J., Whittaker, A. S., Sun, W., Marks, S., et al. (2009). Finite difference analysis of simply supported RC slabs for blast loadings. Engineering Structures, 31(12), 2825–2832.10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.07.011 ↗
21. Karsan, I. D., & Jirsa, J. O. (1969). Behavior of concrete under compressive loadings. Journal of the Structural Division, 95(12), 2543–2563.10.1061/JSDEAG.0002424 ↗
22. Kent, D. C., & Park, R. (1971). Flexural members with confined concrete. In Journal of the Structural Division (Vol. 97(ST7), pp. 1969–1990). Reston: American Society of Civil Engineers.
23. Konstantinidis, D. K., Kappos, A. J., & Izzuddin, B. A. (2007). Analytical stress-strain model for high-strength concrete members under cyclic loading. Journal of Structural Engineering, 133(4), 484–494.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:4(484) ↗
24. Kwak, H. G., & Gang, H. G. (2015). An improved criterion to minimize FE mesh-dependency in concrete structures under high strain rate conditions. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 86, 84–95.10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2015.07.008 ↗
25. Kwak, H. G., & Hwang, J. W. (2010). FE model to simulate bond-slip behavior in composite concrete beam bridges. Computers & Structures, 88(17), 973–984.10.1016/j.compstruc.2010.05.005 ↗
26. Kwak, H. G., & Kim, J. K. (2006). Implementation of bond-slip effect in analyses of RC frames under cyclic loads using layered section method. Engineering Structures, 28(12), 1715–1727.10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.03.003 ↗
27. Kwak, H. G., & Kim, S. P. (2010). Simplified monotonic moment-curvature relation considering fixed-end rotation and axial force effect. Engineering Structures, 32(1), 69–79.10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.08.017 ↗
28. Lin, X., Zhang, Y. X., & Hazell, P. J. (2014). Modelling the response of reinforced concrete panels under blast loading. Materials and Design, 56, 620–628.10.1016/j.matdes.2013.11.069 ↗
29. Livermore Software Technology Corporation (LSTC). (2007). LS-DYNA Keyword User’s Manual Version 97, Livermore, CA.
30. Lowes, L. N., Moehle, J. P., & Govindjee, S. (2004). Concrete-steel bond model for use in finite element modeling of reinforced concrete structures. ACI Structural Journal, 101, 501–511.
31. Luccioni, B., Ambrosini, R., & Danesi, R. (2004). Analysis of building collapse under blast loads. Engineering Structures, 26(1), 63–71.10.1016/j.engstruct.2003.08.011 ↗
32. Magnusson, J. (2007). Structural concrete elements subjected to air blast loading, Dissertation.
33. Magnusson, J., & Hallgren, M. (2000). High performance concrete beams subjected to shock waves from air blast. Tumba, Sweden.
34. Mashaly, E.-S., El-Heweity, M., Abou-Elfath, H., & Ramadan, M. (2011). A new beam-column model for seismic analysis of RC frames—Part I: Model derivation. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 50(4), 313–320.10.1016/j.aej.2012.01.003 ↗
35. Menegotto, M., & Pinto, P. E. (1973). Method of analysis for cyclically loaded R.C. plane frames including changes in geometry and non-elastic behaviour of elements under combined normal force and bending. In IABSE reports of the working commissions (Vol. 13).
36. Monti, G., & Spacone, E. (2000). Reinforced concrete fiber beam element with bond-slip. Journal of Structural Engineering, 126, 654–661.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:6(654) ↗
37. Oliveira, R. S., Ramalho, M. A., & Corrêa, M. R. S. (2008). A layered finite element for reinforced concrete beams with bond-slip effects. Cement & Concrete Composites, 30(3), 245–252.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.09.007 ↗
38. Ožbolt, J., & Sharma, A. (2011). Numerical simulation of reinforced concrete beams with different shear reinforcements under dynamic impact loads. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 38(12), 940–950.10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2011.08.003 ↗
39. Qu, Y., Li, X., Kong, X., Zhang, W., & Wang, X. (2016). Numerical simulation on dynamic behavior of reinforced concrete beam with initial cracks subjected to air blast loading. Engineering Structures, 128, 96–110.10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.09.032 ↗
40. Saatci, S. (2007). Behaviour and modelling of reinforced concrete structures subjected to Impact Loads. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Toronto, Toronto.
41. Saatcioglu, M., Lloyd, A., Jacques, E., Braimah, A., & Doudak, G. (2011). Focused research for development of a CSA standard on design and assessment of buildings subjected to blast loads. Ottawa: University of Ottawa.
42. Santos, J., & Henriques, A. A. (2015). New finite element to model bond–slip with steel strain effect for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures. Engineering Structures, 86, 72–83.10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.12.036 ↗
43. Scott, B. D., Park, R., & Priestley, M. J. N. (1982). Stress–strain behavior of concrete confined by overlapping hoops at low and high strain rates. Journal Proceedings, 79(1), 13–27.
44. Seabold, R. H. (1967). Dynamic shear strength of reinforced concrete beams, part 2. Port Hueneme, CA: US Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory.10.21236/AD0644823 ↗
45. Shkolnik, I. E. (2008). Influence of high strain rates on stress-strain relationship, strength and elastic modulus of concrete. Cement & Concrete Composites, 30(10), 1000–1012.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.10.001 ↗
46. Tachibana, S., Masuya, H., & Nakamura, S. (2010). Performance based design of reinforced concrete beams under impact. Natural Hazards and Earth System Science, 10(6), 1069–1078.10.5194/nhess-10-1069-2010 ↗
47. Taucer, F. F., Spacone, E., & Filippou, F. C. (1991). A fiber beam-column element for seismic response analysis of reinforced concrete structures. Report No. UCB/EERC-91/17. Berkeley, CA.
48. Tu, Z., & Lu, Y. (2009). Evaluation of typical concrete material models used in hydrocodes for high dynamic response simulations. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 36(1), 132–146.10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.12.010 ↗
49. US DoD. (2008). Unified facilities criteria (Ufc) structures to resist the effects of accidental. Washington, DC: Department of Defence.
50. Valipour, H. R., Huynh, L., & Foster, S. J. (2009). Analysis of RC beams subjected to shock loading using a modified fibre element formulation. Computers and Concrete, 6(5), 377–390.10.12989/cac.2009.6.5.377 ↗
51. Wu, Y., Crawford, J. E., & Magallanes, J. M. (2012). Performance of LS-DYNA concrete constitutive models. In 12th International LS-DYNA Users conference (pp. 1–14).
52. Yan, D., & Lin, G. (2006). Dynamic properties of concrete in direct tension. Cement and Concrete Research, 36(7), 1371–1378.10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.03.003 ↗
53. Yao, S. J., Zhang, D., Lu, F. Y., Wang, W., & Chen, X. G. (2016). Damage features and dynamic response of RC beams under blast. Engineering Failure Analysis, 62, 103–111.10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.12.001 ↗