journal article·2020-05-06Open access

COTS-Based Architectural Framework for Reliable Real-Time Control Applications in Manufacturing

George K. Adam, Nikos Petrellis, Georgia Garani, Tilemachos Stylianos

Applied Sciences· Volume 10· Issue 9

Abstract

The challenge of keeping the development and implementation of real-time control systems reliable and efficient and at the same time, low-cost and low-energy, is getting harder. This is because system designers and developers are faced with the dependability, inflexibility and often high-cost of specialized or custom-built hardware and software components. This research attempts to tackle issues such as the reliability and efficiency of real-time control systems and advance further the current state-of-the-art. For this purpose, a strong emphasis is placed on finding novel efficient solutions based on standardized and commercially available off-the-shelf hardware/software components. In this direction, this research applies credible and feasible methodologies (e.g., model-based design, component-based design, formal verification, real-time scheduling, prototyping, and validation) in an innovative enhanced way. As an important outcome, a versatile integrative design approach and architectural framework (VIDAF) is proposed, which supports the development and implementation of reliable real-time control systems and applications using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. The feasibility and applicability of the proposed system’s architecture are evaluated and validated through a system application in embedded real-time control in manufacturing. The research outcomes are expected to have a positive impact on emerging areas such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT).
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Digital Transformation in Industry · Real-Time Systems Scheduling · IoT and Edge/Fog Computing

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Digital Systems, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Peloponnese, 26334 Patra, Greece

General Department, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece

References (44)

Show source-provided references
1. Cloud Control Systems10.1109/JAS.2015.7081652 ↗
2. Buyya, R., and Dastjerdi, A. (2016). Internet of Things, Principles and Paradigms, Morgan Kaufmann. [1st ed.].
3. Wolf, M. (2012). Computers as Components, Principles of Embedded Computing System Design, Morgan Kaufmann. [3rd ed.].10.1016/B978-0-12-388436-7.00001-5 ↗
4. Gan, J. (2014). Tradeoff Analysis for Dependable Real-Time Embedded Systems during the Early Design Phases. [Ph.D. Thesis, Technical University of Denmark].
5. The New Hardware Development Trend and the Challenges in Data Management and Analysis10.1007/s41019-018-0072-6 ↗
6. Commercial Off-the-Shelf Digital Cameras on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Multitemporal Monitoring of Vegetation Reflectance10.1109/TGRS.2017.2655365 ↗
7. Chiabrando, F., and Teppati Losè, L. (2017, January 4–7). Performance evaluation of COTS UAV for architectural heritage documentation. A test on S. Giuliano Chapel in Savigliano (CN) Italy. Proceedings of the International Conference on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Geomatics, Bonn, Germany.10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W6-77-2017 ↗
8. Real-Time Innovations Co. (2020, April 04). COTS DO-254 and DO-178C Solution for Airborne Systems. Available online: www.rti.com/news/abaco-rti-and-wind-river-partner-to-deliver-first-cots-do-254-and-do-178c-solution-for-airborne-systems.
9. Angelov, C., Ke, X., and Sierszecki, K. (September, January 29). A Component-Based Framework for Distributed Control Systems. Proceedings of the 32nd EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications, Cavtat, Dubrovnik, Croatia.
10. Bussler, C.J., and Haller, A. (2006). CoSeRT: A Framework for Composing Service-Based Real-Time Applications. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer.
11. Zhang, P. (2010). Advanced Industrial Control Technology, Elsevier. [1st ed.].10.1016/B978-1-4377-7807-6.10001-4 ↗
12. Raavi, J.K. (2016). Usage of Third Party Components in Heterogeneous Systems: An Empirical Study. [Master’s Thesis, Blekinge Institute of Technology].
13. The problem with aviation COTS10.1109/62.904242 ↗
14. Finnegan, R. (2008, January 18–20). Requirements engineering methodologies for COTS systems. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology, Ames, IA, USA.10.1109/EIT.2008.4554350 ↗
15. Evaluation and selection COTS software process: The state of the art
16. IoT Operating Systems Support, Networking Technologies, Applications, and Challenges: A Comparative Review10.1109/COMST.2018.2817685 ↗
17. Boniol, F., Casse, H., Noulard, E., and Pagetti, C. (March, January 28). Deterministic execution model on COTS hardware. Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, Munich, Germany.
18. Breivold, H.P., and Sandstrm, K. (2015, January 11–13). Internet of things for industrial automation—Challenges and technical solutions. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Data Intensive Systems, Sydney, Australia.10.1109/DSDIS.2015.11 ↗
19. Mu, J., Huang, D., Ma, L., and Cao, Y. (2016, January 12–13). Safety Analysis Method for COTS Software Components in Train Control System. Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Engineering Applications, Hong Kong, China.10.2991/aiea-16.2016.61 ↗
20. Tang, L., Jiang, Y., and Lou, J. (2016). Reliability Architecture for Collaborative Robot Control Systems in Complex Environments. Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst., 13.10.5772/62201 ↗
21. Berger, C., and Hansson, J. (2013, January 24–27). COTS-Architecture with a Real-Time OS for a Self-Driving Miniature Vehicle. Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security, Toulouse, France.
22. A framework to COTS component selection and evaluation processes
23. COTS evaluation & selection process in design of component based software system: An overview and future direction
24. Mathopo, S., and Marnewick, A. (2017, January 18–20). Selection process for commercial-off-the-shelf products used as defense equipment. Proceedings of the IEEE AFRICON, Cape Town, South Africa.10.1109/AFRCON.2017.8095565 ↗
25. Rachucki, J., and Rugo, P. (2019, January 1–4). Analysis of scalable distributed on-board computer architecture for suborbital rockets and micro launchers. Proceedings of the 8th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences, Madrid, Spain.
26. Sanfilippo, F., Helgerud, E., Stadheim, P.A., and Aronsen, S.L. (2019). Serpens: A Highly Compliant Low-Cost ROS-Based Snake Robot with Series Elastic Actuators, Stereoscopic Vision and a Screw-Less Assembly Mechanism. Appl. Sci., 9.10.3390/app9030396 ↗
27. Integrated Design and Implementation of Embedded Control Systems with Scilab10.3390/s8095501 ↗
28. Sarkar, D. (2015, January 7–8). Optimizing COTS selection process using prototype framework approach: A theoretical concept. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies, Rohtak, Haryana, India.10.1109/ACCT.2015.75 ↗
29. Bundalo, Z., and Bundalo, D. (2019). Embedded Systems Based on Open Source Platforms. Introduction to Data Science and Machine Learning, IntechOpen.10.5772/intechopen.85806 ↗
30. Aspects and components in real-time system development: Towards reconfigurable and reusable software
31. Pop, T. (2010, January 1–4). Component-Based Development for Real-time Embedded Devices: Current Obstacles and Next Steps Forward. Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference of Doctoral Students, Prague, Czech Republic.
32. Adam, G.K. (2019). DALI LED Driver Control System for Lighting Operations Based on Raspberry Pi and Kernel Modules. Electronics, 8.10.3390/electronics8091021 ↗
33. Adam, G.K., Kontaxis, P.A., Doulos, L.T., Madias, E.D., Bouroussis, C.A., and Topalis, F.V. (2019). Embedded Microcontroller with a CCD Camera as a Digital Lighting Control System. Electronics, 8.10.3390/electronics8010033 ↗
34. Adam, G.K., Kontaxis, P.A., Bouroussis, C.A., Ventzas, D.E., and Topalis, F.V. (2015, January 16–19). Embedded computer communication and control of DALI LED drivers. Proceedings of the Balkan Light Conference, Athens, Greece.
35. Adam, G.K., Garani, G., and Ventzas, D. (2014, January 9–12). FPGA design of a camera control system for road traffic monitoring. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference from Scientific Computing to Computational Engineering, Athens, Greece.
36. Model-based qualitative studies of complex manufacturing systems
37. A real-time self-calibrated current mirror for wide range current reference generation, signal reproduction and delaying10.1016/j.mejo.2011.12.001 ↗
38. Process scheduling evaluations using multithreaded software modules
39. Garani, G., and Adam, G.K. (2008). Design, Simulation and Development of Software Modules for the Control of Concrete Elements Production Plant. New Approaches in Automation and Robotics, I-Tech Education and Publishing.10.5772/5399 ↗
40. The Linux Foundation (2020, January 14). Real Time Linux. Available online: https://www.linuxfoundation.org/.
41. Adam, G.K., and Grant, E. (1994, January 8–13). QMTOOL—A qualitative modelling and simulation CAD system for designing automated workcells. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, San Diego, CA, USA.
42. Raspberry Pi Foundation (2020, February 05). Raspberry Pi3 Model B. Available online: https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-3-model-b.
43. Ardito, L., and Torchiano, M. (2018, January 27). Creating and evaluating a software power model for linux single board computers. Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Green and Sustainable Software, Gothenburg, Sweden.10.1145/3194078.3194079 ↗
44. Membrey, P., Veitch, D., and Chang, R.K.C. (2016, January 14–16). Time to Measure the Pi. Proceedings of the ACM Internet Measurement Conference, Santa Monica, CA, USA.10.1145/2987443.2987476 ↗