Alkali-Silica Reaction and Residual Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Mortar Containing Waste Glass Fine Aggregate and Supplementary Cementitious Materials
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract This paper presents the influence of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as fly ash (FA), silica fume (SF), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and waste glass fine aggregate (GA), on the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in high-strength and normal-strength mortar using an accelerated mortar bar test (AMBT). Residual mechanical properties and scanning electron micrographs were used to assess the changes in the matrix. GA reduced the mechanical properties of both normal-strength (NGA_OPC) and high-strength mortars (HGA_OPC), contributing to a decline in overall performance. This phenomenon was a result of the slipping of the GA from the matrix owing to its smooth surface. However, the inclusion of reactive SF and GGBS in the HGA improved the slip phenomenon of the GA, leading to a significant enhancement in its mechanical properties. Following the ASR expansion measurement, HGA_OPC demonstrated an ASR expansion rate approximately three times higher than that of NGA_OPC. This was attributed to the dense structure of HGA_OPC, which resulted in greater expansion than that of NGA_OPC. However, with the incorporation of SCMs into both HGA and NGA, a significant reduction in ASR expansion was observed. This was attributed to the delayed ASR of GA due to alkali activation or the pozzolanic reaction of the SCMs. Continuous exposure to the AMBT environment can lead to the destruction of GA. This was caused by the inner ASR that originated from the surface crack of the GA, which resulted in a reduction in the flexural strength of the mortar. The HGA with SF exhibited the highest resistance to ASR expansion and residual mechanical properties’ degradation. Therefore, various durability and long-term performance-monitoring studies on ultra-high-performance concrete or high-strength cementitious composites with very high SF contents and GA can be conducted.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (59)
Show source-provided references
1. Ahmad, J., Martinez-Garcia, R., Algarni, S., de Prado-Gil, J., Alqahtani, T., & Irshad, K. (2022). Characteristics of sustainable concrete with partial substitutions of glass waste as a binder material. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 16(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40069-022-00511-110.1186/s40069-022-00511-1 ↗
2. ASTM C1260–22. (2014). Standard test method for potential alkali reactivity of aggregates ( Mortar-Bar Method). ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/C1260-22.210.1520/C1260-22.2 ↗
3. ASTM C1293. (2015). Standard test method for determination of length change of concrete due to alkali-silica reaction. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. https://doi.org/10.1520/C1293-20A.210.1520/C1293-20A.2 ↗
4. ASTM C1567–04. (2005). Standard test method for determining the potential alkali-silica reactivity of combinations of cementitious materials and aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 04(02), 774–778. https://doi.org/10.1520/C1567-2110.1520/C1567-21 ↗
5. ASTM C33/C33M−18. (2010). Standard specification for concrete aggregates. ASTM International, i(C), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1520/C003310.1520/C0033 ↗
6. ASTM C 490. (2017). Standard practice for use of apparatus for the determination of length change of hardened cement paste, mortar, and concrete. ASTM International, 1, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1520/C049010.1520/C0490 ↗
7. Bagheri, A., Zanganeh, H., Alizadeh, H., Shakerinia, M., & Marian, M. A. S. (2013). Comparing the performance of fine fly ash and silica fume in enhancing the properties of concretes containing fly ash. Construction and Building Materials, 47, 1402–1408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.03710.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.037 ↗
8. Cement-Test Methods-Determination of Strength. (2009). Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.
9. Corinaldesi, V., Gnappi, G., Moriconi, G., & Montenero, A. (2005). Reuse of ground waste glass as aggregate for mortars. Waste Management, 25(2 SPEC. ISS), 197–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2004.12.00910.1016/j.wasman.2004.12.009 ↗
10. Drzymala, T., Zegardlo, B., & Tofilo, P. (2020). Properties of concrete containing recycled glass aggregates produced of exploded lighting materials. Materials, 13(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1301022610.3390/ma13010226 ↗
11. Du, S., Zhao, Q., & Shi, X. (2021). High-volume fly ash-based cementitious composites as sustainable materials: An overview of recent advances. Advances in Civil Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/497616910.1155/2021/4976169 ↗
12. Du, H., & Tan, K. H. (2013). Use of waste glass as sand in mortar: Part II—Alkali-silica reaction and mitigation methods. Cement and Concrete Composites, 35(1), 118–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.08.02910.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.08.029 ↗
13. Du, H., & Tan, K. H. (2014). Effect of particle size on alkali-silica reaction in recycled glass mortars. Construction and Building Materials, 66, 275–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.09210.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.092 ↗
14. Du, H., & Tan, K. H. (2017). Properties of high volume glass powder concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 75, 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.10.01010.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.10.010 ↗
15. Duchesne, J., & Bérubé, M. A. (1994a). The effectiveness of supplementary cementing materials in suppressing expansion due to ASR: Another look at the reaction mechanisms part 2: Pore solution chemistry. Cement and Concrete Research, 24(2), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(94)90047-710.1016/0008-8846(94)90047-7 ↗
16. Duchesne, J., & Bérubé, M. A. (1994b). The effectiveness of supplementary cementing materials in suppressing expansion due to ASR: Another look at the reaction mechanisms part 1: Concrete expansion and portlandite depletion. Cement and Concrete Research, 24(1), 73–82.10.1016/0008-8846(94)90084-1 ↗
17. EN 1015–7: 2007. Methods of test for mortar masonry—part 7: Determination of air content of fresh mortar.
18. Ferraris CF. (1995). Alkali-silica reaction and high performance concrete.24. http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build95/art004.html10.6028/NIST.IR.5742 ↗
19. Giaccio, G., Zerbino, R., Ponce, J. M., & Batic, O. R. (2008). Mechanical behavior of concretes damaged by alkali-silica reaction. Cement and Concrete Research, 38(7), 993–1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.02.00910.1016/j.cemconres.2008.02.009 ↗
20. Glasser, F. P. (1992). Chemistry of the alkali-aggregate reaction. Chap 2, the Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete. New York: Swamy R.N.
21. Hajighasemali, S., Ramezanianpour, A., & Kashefizadeh, M. (2014). The effect of alkali-silica reaction on strength and ductility analyses of RC beams. Magazine of Concrete Research, 66(15), 751–760. https://doi.org/10.1680/macr.13.0028210.1680/macr.13.00282 ↗
22. Hamada, H., Alattar, A., Tayeh, B., Yahaya, F., & Thomas, B. (2022). Effect of recycled waste glass on the properties of high-performance concrete: A critical review. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 17(May), e01149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e0114910.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01149 ↗
23. Hong, S. Y., & Glasser, F. P. (1999). Alkali binding in cement pastes: Part I. The C-S-H phase. Cement and Concrete Research, 29(12), 1893–1903. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00187-810.1016/S0008-8846(99)00187-8 ↗
24. Jiao, Y., Zhang, Y., Guo, M., Zhang, L., Ning, H., & Liu, S. (2020). Mechanical and fracture properties of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) containing waste glass sand as partial replacement material. Journal of Cleaner Production, 277, 123501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.12350110.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123501 ↗
25. Jones, A. E., & Clark, L. A. (1996). A review of the Institution of Structural Engineers report: “Structural effects of alkali-silica reaction (1992).” In International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, 10th, 1996, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (pp. 394–401).
26. Khan, M. N. N., Saha, A. K., & Sarker, P. K. (2021). Evaluation of the ASR of waste glass fine aggregate in alkali activated concrete by concrete prism tests. Construction and Building Materials, 266, 121121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.12112110.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121121 ↗
27. Kou, S. C., & Poon, C. S. (2009). Properties of self-compacting concrete prepared with recycled glass aggregate. Cement and Concrete Composites, 31(2), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.12.00210.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.12.002 ↗
28. Koyanagi, W., Rokugo, K., & Ishida, H. (1986). Failure behavior of reinforced concrete beams deteriorated by alkali-silica reactions. In Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on AAR. Ottawa.
29. Kwan, W. H., Ramli, M., Kam, K. J., & Sulieman, M. Z. (2012). Influence of the amount of recycled coarse aggregate in concrete design and durability properties. Construction and Building Materials, 26(1), 565–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.06.05910.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.06.059 ↗
30. Larive C, Laplaud A, Joly M. Behavior of AAR-affected concrete: Experimental data. InProc., 10th Int. Conf. on AAR 1996 Aug (pp. 670-677). Melbourne, Australia.
31. Lu, J. X., Zhan, B. J., Duan, Z. H., & Poon, C. S. (2017). Improving the performance of architectural mortar containing 100% recycled glass aggregates by using SCMs. Construction and Building Materials, 153, 975–985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.11810.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.118 ↗
32. Maraghechi, H., Rajabipour, F., Pantano, C. G., & Burgos, W. D. (2016). Effect of calcium on dissolution and precipitation reactions of amorphous silica at high alkalinity. Cement and Concrete Research, 87, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.05.00410.1016/j.cemconres.2016.05.004 ↗
33. Mohammadi, A., Ghiasvand, E., & Nili, M. (2020). Relation between mechanical properties of concrete and alkali-silica reaction (ASR); a review. Construction and Building Materials, 258, 119567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.11956710.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119567 ↗
34. Monteiro, P. J. M., Wang, K., Sposito, G., Dos Santos, M. C., & De Andrade, W. P. (1997). Influence of mineral admixtures on the alkali-aggregate reaction. Cement and Concrete Research, 27(12), 1899–1909. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(97)00206-810.1016/S0008-8846(97)00206-8 ↗
35. Omran, A. F., Etienne, D. M., Harbec, D., & Tagnit-Hamou, A. (2017). Long-term performance of glass-powder concrete in large-scale field applications. Construction and Building Materials, 135, 43–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.21810.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.218 ↗
36. Padmini, A. K., Ramamurthy, K., & Mathews, M. S. (2009). Influence of parent concrete on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 23(2), 829–836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.03.00610.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.03.006 ↗
37. Park, S. B., & Lee, B. C. (2004). Studies on expansion properties in mortar containing waste glass and fibers. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(7), 1145–1152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.12.00510.1016/j.cemconres.2003.12.005 ↗
38. Rashad, A. M. (2014). Recycled waste glass as fine aggregate replacement in cementitious materials based on Portland cement. Construction and Building Materials, 72, 340–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.09210.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.08.092 ↗
39. Reinhardt, H. W., Özkan, H., & Mielich, O. (2018). Changes in mechanical properties of concrete due to ASR (Cambios en las propiedades mecánicas del hormigón debido a la ASR). Hormigón y Acero, 69, 15–19.
40. Sasui, S., Kim, G., Nam, J., van Riessen, A., Eu, H., Chansomsak, S., et al. (2020). Incorporation of waste glass as an activator in Class-C Fly Ash/GGBS based Alkali activated material. Materials. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma1317390610.3390/ma13173906 ↗
41. Sasui, S., Kim, G., Nam, J., van Riessen, A., Hadzima-Nyarko, M., Choe, G., et al. (2022). Effects of waste glass sand on the thermal behavior and strength of fly ash and GGBS based alkali activated mortar exposed to elevated temperature. Construction and Building Materials, 316(August 2021), 125864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.12586410.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125864 ↗
42. Sasui, S., Kim, G., Nam, J., Alam, S. F., Eu, H., Lee, Y., & Ahmad, M. (2023). Alkali activation of waste concrete powder: Effects of alkali type and concentration. Ceramics International. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.01.22410.1016/j.ceramint.2023.01.224 ↗
43. Sasui, S., Kim, G., Nam, J., van Riessen, A., & Hadzima-Nyarko, M. (2021). Effects of waste glass as a sand replacement on the strength and durability of fly ash/GGBS based alkali activated mortar. Ceramics International, 47(15), 21175–21196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.04.12110.1016/j.ceramint.2021.04.121 ↗
44. Shayan, A., & Xu, A. (2004). Value-added utilisation of waste glass in concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(1), 81–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00251-510.1016/S0008-8846(03)00251-5 ↗
45. Shayan, A., & Xu, A. (2006). Performance of glass powder as a pozzolanic material in concrete: A field trial on concrete slabs. Cement and Concrete Research, 36(3), 457–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.12.01210.1016/j.cemconres.2005.12.012 ↗
46. Shen, P., Zheng, H., Liu, S., Lu, J. X., & Poon, C. S. (2020). Development of high-strength pervious concrete incorporated with high percentages of waste glass. Cement and Concrete Composites, 114(August), 103790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.10379010.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103790 ↗
47. Shi, C., Wu, Y., Riefler, C., & Wang, H. (2005). Characteristics and pozzolanic reactivity of glass powders. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(5), 987–993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.05.01510.1016/j.cemconres.2004.05.015 ↗
48. Siemes, A. J. M., & Visser, J. H. M. (2000). Low tensile strength in older concrete structures with alkali-silica reaction. In Proceedings 11th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction (ICAAR), Québec, Canada. 1029–1038
49. Soliman, N. A., & Tagnit-Hamou, A. (2017). Using glass sand as an alternative for quartz sand in UHPC. Construction and Building Materials, 145, 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.18710.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.187 ↗
50. Sun, L., Zhu, X., Kim, M., & Zi, G. (2021). Alkali-silica reaction and strength of concrete with pretreated glass particles as fine aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 271, 121809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.12180910.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121809 ↗
51. Tabsh, S. W., & Abdelfatah, A. S. (2009). Influence of recycled concrete aggregates on strength properties of concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 23(2), 1163–1167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.06.00710.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.06.007 ↗
52. Taha, B., & Nounu, G. (2009). Utilizing waste recycled glass as sand/cement replacement in concrete. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 21(12), 709–721. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2009)21:12(709)10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2009)21:12(709) ↗
53. Takemura, K., Ichitsubo, M., Tazawa, E., & Yonekura, A. (1996). Mechanical performance of ASR affected nearly full-scale reinforced concrete columns. In International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, 10th, 1996, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
54. Tan, K. H., & Du, H. (2013). Use of waste glass as sand in mortar: Part i—Fresh, mechanical and durability properties. Cement and Concrete Composites, 35(1), 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.08.02810.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.08.028 ↗
55. Thomas, M. (2011). The effect of supplementary cementing materials on alkali-silica reaction: A review. Cement and Concrete Research, 41(12), 1224–1231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.11.00310.1016/j.cemconres.2010.11.003 ↗
56. Tittarelli, F., Giosuè, C., & Mobili, A. (2018). Recycled glass as aggregate for architectural mortars. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40069-018-0290-310.1186/s40069-018-0290-3 ↗
57. Trägårdh, J. (1994). Alkali-silica reaction in high strength concrete
58. Xu, G. J. Z., Watt, D. F., & Hudec, P. P. (1995). Effectiveness of mineral admixtures in reducing ASR expansion. Cement and Concrete Research, 25(6), 1225–1236. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(95)00115-S10.1016/0008-8846(95)00115-S ↗
59. Yin, W., Li, X., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Xu, M., & Pei, C. (2023). Mechanical and rheological properties of High-Performance concrete (HPC) incorporating waste glass as cementitious material and fine aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 387(December 2022), 131656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.13165610.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131656 ↗