journal article·2019-09-03Open access

Study on an Optimal Strut-And-Tie Model for Concrete Deep Beams

Haitao Chen, Lai Wang, Jitao Zhong

Applied Sciences· Volume 9· Issue 17

Abstract

The optimal strut-and-tie models (STMs) of two typical irregular concrete deep beams were constructed using evolutionary structural optimization and compared with those of previous studies. The reinforced concrete deep beam specimens were cast according to the reinforcement designs guided by different STMs. Eight irregular concrete deep beam specimens were experimentally investigated under stepped loading, and the differences in the amount of steel used, the load-carrying capacity, and the failure pattern of the different specimens were analyzed. The results show that the optimal STMs proposed in this study have significant advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness and can simultaneously ensure the load-carrying capacity, delay the crack propagation of irregular concrete deep beams, and reduce the amount of steel used in structural members. Therefore, they have an important engineering application value for the reinforcement design of irregular concrete deep beams.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete · Structural Load-Bearing Analysis · Topology Optimization in Engineering

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Shandong Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China

College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China · Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province · Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong University of Science and Technology for Recruited Talents · Projects of Science and Technology Innovation Fund for graduate students of Shandong University of Science and Technology

References (27)

Show source-provided references
1. Smarzewski, P. (2019). Analysis of Failure Mechanics in Hybrid Fibre-Reinforced High-Performance Concrete Deep Beams with and without Openings. Materials, 12.10.3390/ma12010101 ↗
2. Basic tools of reinforced concrete beam design
3. Towards a consistent design of reinforced concrete structures
4. Breen, J.E., Burdet, O., Roberts, C., Sanders, D., and Wollmann, G. (1994). Anchorage Zone Reinforcement for Post-Tensioned Concrete Girders, Transportation Research Board. Available online: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_rpt_356.pdf.
5. Evaluation of strut-and-tie modeling applied to dapped beam with opening
6. Novak, L.C., and Sprenger, H. (2002). Example 4: Deep Beam with Opening. Examples for the Design of Structural Concrete with Strut-and-Tie Models, Proceedings of the ACI Fall Convention, Phoenix, AZ, USA, 27 October–1 November 2002, American Concrete Institute. Available online: http://worldcat.org/isbn/0870310860.
7. American Concrete Institute (2002). Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-02) and Commentary, ACI.
8. Application of Strut-and-tie Model in Design of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams
9. American Concrete Institute (2005). Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318M–05) and Commentary, ACI.
10. The State Standard of the People’s Republic of China (2010). Code for Design of Concrete Structures (GB50010-2010), China Architecture & Building Press.
11. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (2007). AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
12. (2008). Deutsche Norm, Concrete, Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Structures-Part 1:3 Design and Construction, Corrigenda to DIN 1045-1:2001-07, German Institute for Standardisation (Deutsches Institut für Normung).
13. Canadian Standards Association (CSA) (1984). Design of Concrete Structures for Buildings (CAN3-A23.3-M84), CSA.
14. A simple evolutionary procedure for structural optimization10.1016/0045-7949(93)90035-C ↗
15. Bidirectional Evolutionary Method for Stiffness Optimization10.2514/2.626 ↗
16. Optimal Strut-and-Tie Models Using the Full Homogenization Optimization Method
17. Generation of strut-and-tie models by topology design using different material properties in tension and compression10.1007/s00158-011-0633-z ↗
18. Design versus assessment of concrete structures using stress fields and strut-and-tie models10.14359/51687710 ↗
19. Formulation of optimal strut-and-tie models in design of reinforced concrete structures
20. Reinforcement design and nonlinear finite element analysis of concrete deep beam with abnormal opening
21. Huang, X., and Xie, Y.M. (2010). Evolutionary Topology Optimization of Continuum Structures: Methods and Applications, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.10.1002/9780470689486 ↗
22. Topology Optimization of Composite Structure Using Bi-Directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization Method10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.375 ↗
23. Experimental Verification of Strut-and-Tie Model Design Method
24. Experimental evaluation of strut-and-tie model applied to deep beam with opening
25. American Concrete Institute (2008). Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary, American Concrete Institute.
26. The State Standard of the People’s Republic of China (2010). Tensile Testing of Metallic Materials Part 1: Method of Test at Room Temperature (GB/T228.1-2010), China Architecture & Building Press.
27. The State Standard of the People’s Republic of China (2002). Standard for Test Method of Mechanical Properties on Ordinary Concrete (GB/T50081-2002), China Architecture & Building Press.