Experimental Study on the Flexural Behavior of Alkali Activated Fly Ash Mortar Beams
Source abstract
Abstract
This work aims to study the possibility of using alkaline activated fly ash in structural members. The work, of an experimental nature, focuses on the evaluation of the behavior of simply supported beams under two symmetrical loads (four-point tests). For such study, 10 beams were built, of which, five using fly ash and the remaining five using traditional Portland cement. The test results are compared. Conclusions on the practical application of fly ash in structures were explained and, as mention later in this document, there is room for improvement. This is one of very few works on fly ash alkali activated structures and further studies are necessary in the future. Some aspects, such as shrinkage and deformability are presented as some of the negative points concerning the potential use of fly ash. These are two aspects that need more attention in future investigations.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Concrete Properties and Behavior · Rock Mechanics and Modeling
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Institute for Systems and Computers Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
Funding
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
References (36)
Show source-provided references
1. Lenne, J., and Preston, P. (2018). Making Concrete Change—Innovation in Low-Carbon Cement and Concrete, Chatham House, the Royal Institute of International Affairs.
2. Cembureau (2013). The Role of Cement in the 2050 Low Carbon Economy, Cembureau.
3. Teixeira-Pinto, A. (2004). Sistemas Ligantes Obtidos por Activacao Alcalina do Metacaulino (Binder Systems Obtained by Alkaline Activation of Metakaolin). [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minho]. (In Portuguese).
4. Ling, Y. (2018). Proportion and Performance Evaluation of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer and its Application in Engineered Composites. [Ph.D. Thesis, Iowa State University].
5. Alkali activated fly ash: The effect of admixtures on paste rheology10.1007/s00397-008-0345-5 ↗
6. Factors affecting the shrinkage of fly ash geopolymers10.1007/s12613-011-0407-z ↗
7. Vijayakumar, R.M. (2013). Evaluating Shrinkage of Fly Ash—Slag Geopolymers. [Master’s Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign].
8. Wattimena, O.K., and Hardjito, D. (2017). A review on the effect of fly ash characteristics and their variations on the synthesis of fly ash based geopolymer. Green Construction and Engineering Education for Sustainable Future AIP Conference Proceedings, Petra Christian University.10.1063/1.5003524 ↗
9. Abraham, R., Raj, S.D., and Abraham, V. (2013, January 5–6). Strength and behaviour of geopolymer concrete beams. Proceedings of the International Conference on Energy and Environment-2013 (ICEE 2013), Putrajaya, Malaysi.
10. Flexural behaviour of geopolymer concrete beams
11. Monfardini, L., and Minelli, F. (2016). Experimental study on full-scale beams made by reinforced alkali activated concrete undergoing flexure. Materials, 9.10.3390/ma9090739 ↗
12. Comparison of the flexural performance and behaviour of fly-ash-based geopolymer concrete beams reinforced with CFRP and GFRP bars10.1155/2020/3495276 ↗
13. Mechanisms of autogenous shrinkage of alkali-activated fly ash-slag pastes cured at ambient temperature within 24 h10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.155 ↗
14. Fresh and hardened properties of fly ash–slag blended geopolymer paste and mortar10.1186/s40069-019-0360-1 ↗
15. Biondi, L., Perry, M., Vlachakis, C., Wu, Z., Hamilton, A., and McAlorum, J. (2019). Ambient cured fly ash geopolymer coatings for concrete. Materials, 12.10.3390/ma12060923 ↗
16. Lopes, A.V., Lopes, S.M.R., and Pinto, M.I.M. (2020). Influence of the composition of the activator on mechanical characteristics of a geopolymer. Appl. Sci., 10.10.3390/app10103349 ↗
17. Lopes, A.V., Lou, T.J., and Lopes, S.M.R. (2013, January 3–6). Numerical Evaluation of the Non Linear Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.
18. (2001). Effect of specimen sizes on flexural composite strength of concrete. Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures, Smets & Zeitlinger.
19. Embrittlement and decrease of apparent strength in large-sized concrete structures10.1007/BF02706992 ↗
20. Equivalent multi-phase similitude law for pseudodynamic test on small scale reinforced concrete models10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.06.008 ↗
21. (2020, May 27). Fapricela. Available online: https://www.fapricela.pt/.
22. NP EN10002-1 (2006). Materiais Metálicos. Ensaios de Tracção—Parte 1: Método de Ensaio à Temperature Ambiente (Tensile Testing of Metallic Materials. Method of Test at Ambient Temperature), Instituto Português da Qualidade.
23. NP EN450-1 (2012). Cinzas Volantes Para Betão—Parte 1: Definição, Especificações e Critérios de Conformidade (Fly Ash for Concrete—Part 1: Definition, Specifications and Conformity Criteria), Instituto Português da Qualidade.
24. Granizo, M. (1998). Activation Alcalina de Metacaolin: Desarrolllo de Nuevos Materials Cementantes (Alkaline Metakaolin Activation: Development of New Binding Materials). [Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid].
25. Granizo, M. (1998). Activation Alcalina de Metacaolin: Desarrolllo de Nuevos Materials Cementantes (Alkaline Metakaolin Activation: Development of New Binding Materials). [PhD Thesis, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid].
26. Davidovits, J. (1999). Chemistry of Geopolymeric Systems, Terminology. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference Géopolymère, Geopolymer Institute.
27. Pinto, A. (2006). Introdução ao Estudo dos Geopolímeros (Introduction to the Study of Geopolymers), Sector Editorial dos SDE-UTAD.
28. Neville, M. (1973). Properties of Concrete, John Wiley and Sons.
29. NP EN196-1 (2006). Métodos de Ensaio de Cimentos—Parte 1: Determinação das Resistências Mecânicas (Methods of Testing Cement. Determination of Strength), Instituto Português da Qualidade.
30. NP EN12390-5 (2009). Ensaios do Betão Endurecido—Parte 5: Resistência à Flexão de Provetes (Testing Hardened Concrete. Flexural Strength of Test Specimens), Instituto Português da Qualidade.
31. NP EN 1998-1. 2009 (2010). Eurocódigo 8: Projecto de Estruturas Para Resistência Aos Sismos. Parte 1: Regras Gerais, Acções Sísmicas e Regras Para Edifícios (Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance. General Rules, Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings), Instituto Português da Qualidade.
32. Importance of a rigorous evaluation of the cracking moment in RC beams and slabs10.12989/cac.2012.9.4.275 ↗
33. Lopes, S.M.R., Lopes, A.V., and Lou, T. (2010, January 24–25). Numerical Estimation of RC Beams. Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Nonlinear Models, Structural Concrete Applications, CoRAN 2011, Coimbra, Portugal.
34. Lopes, A.V., Lou, T., and Lopes, S.M.R. (2013). Nonlinear flexural behaviour of RC beams. Civil Engineering and the Concrete Future, Proceedings of the Twin Covilhã International Conferences, 5th Int’l Conference on the Concrete Future, Covilha, Portugal, 26–29 May 2013, CI-Premier Pte Ltd.
35. NP EN 1992-1-1:2010 (2010). Eurocódigo 2: Projeto de Estruturas de Betão; Parte 1: Regras Gerais e Regras Para Edifícios (Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures. General Rules and Rules for Buildings), Instituto Português da Qualidade.
36. A finite element model to simulate long-term behavior of prestressed concrete girders10.1016/j.finel.2013.11.007 ↗