journal article·2019-12-18Open access

Dimension Measurement and Key Point Detection of Boxes through Laser-Triangulation and Deep Learning-Based Techniques

Tao Peng, Zhijiang Zhang, Fansheng Chen, Dan Zeng

Applied Sciences· Volume 10· Issue 1

Abstract

Dimension measurement is of utmost importance in the logistics industry. This work studies a hand-held structured light vision system for boxes. This system measures dimension information through laser triangulation and deep learning using only two laser-box images from a camera and a cross-line laser projector. The structured edge maps of the boxes are detected by a novel end-to-end deep learning model based on a trimmed-holistically nested edge detection network. The precise geometry of the box is calculated by the 3D coordinates of the key points in the laser-box image through laser triangulation. An optimization method for effectively calibrating the system through the maximum likelihood estimation is then proposed. Results show that the proposed key point detection algorithm and the designed laser-vision-based visual system can locate and perform dimension measurement of measured boxes with high accuracy and reliability. The experimental outcomes show that the system is suitable for portable automatic box dimension online measurement.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Optical measurement and interference techniques · 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage · Image and Object Detection Techniques

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China

Key Laboratory of Intelligent Infrared Perception, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China

References (35)

Show source-provided references
1. Georgousis, S., Stentoumis, C., Doulamis, N., and Athanasios, V. (2016, January 4–6). A Hybrid Algorithm for Dense Stereo Correspondences in Challenging Indoor Scenes. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques, Chania, Greece.10.1109/IST.2016.7738270 ↗
2. Mustafah, Y., Noor, R., and Hasbi, H. (2012, January 22–27). Stereo vision images processing for real-time object distance and size measurements. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.10.1109/ICCCE.2012.6271270 ↗
3. Development of a dimensions measurement system based on depth camera for logistic applications
4. Park, H., Messemac, A., and Neveac, W. (2019, January 26–30). Box-Scan: An efficient and effective algorithm for box dimension measurement in conveyor systems using a single RGB-D camera. Proceedings of the 7th IIAE International Conference on Industrial Application Engineering, Kitakyushu, Japan.10.12792/iciae2019.032 ↗
5. VOLUMNECT: Measuring volumes with Kinecttm
6. Robust estimation of object dimensions and external defect detection with a low-cost sensor10.1007/s10921-017-0395-7 ↗
7. Peng, T., Zhang, Z., Song, Y., Chen, F., and Zeng, D. (2019). Portable System for Box Volume Measurement Based on Line-Structured Light Vision and Deep Learning. Sensors, 19.10.3390/s19183921 ↗
8. Minimum elastic bounding box algorithm for dimension detection of 3D objects: A case of airline baggage measurement10.1049/iet-ipr.2017.0695 ↗
9. Online laser measurement technology for rolled products10.1179/174328108X284543 ↗
10. A cross structured light sensor and stripe segmentation method for visual tracking of a wall climbing robot10.3390/s150613725 ↗
11. Appia, V., and Pedro, G. (2014). Comparison of fixed-pattern and multiple-pattern structured light imaging systems. Proc. SPIE, 8979.10.1117/12.2037906 ↗
12. Shape measurement of steel strips using a laser-based three-dimensional reconstruction technique10.1109/TIA.2011.2155019 ↗
13. Flying spot laser triangulation scanner using lateral synchronization for surface profile precision measurement10.1364/AO.53.004405 ↗
14. Three-dimensional vision using structured light applied to quality control in production line10.1117/12.545039 ↗
15. Measurement and defect detection of the weld bead based on online vision inspection10.1109/TIM.2009.2028222 ↗
16. Giri, P., Kharkovsky, S., and Samali, B. (2011). Inspection of metal and concrete specimens using imaging system with laser displacement sensor. Electronics, 6.10.3390/electronics6020036 ↗
17. Dual-laser integrated microwave imaging system for nondestructive testing of construction materials and structures10.1109/TIM.2018.2795858 ↗
18. Bridge Displacement Monitoring Method Based on Laser Projection Sensing Technology10.3390/s150408444 ↗
19. Rail profile measurement based on line-structured light vision10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2813319 ↗
20. Efficient Measurement of Key-Cap Flatness for Computer Keyboards with a Multi-line Structured Light Imaging Approach10.1109/JSEN.2019.2928148 ↗
21. Xie, S., and Tu, Z. (2015, January 7–13). Holistically-nested edge detection. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Santiago, Chile.10.1109/ICCV.2015.164 ↗
22. Liu, Y., Cheng, M., Hu, X., Wang, K., and Bai, X. (2017, January 21–26). Richer convolutional features for edge detection. Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, Honolulu, HI, USA.10.1109/CVPR.2017.622 ↗
23. Shen, W., Wang, B., Jiang, Y., Wang, Y., and Yuille, A. (2017, January 22–29). Multi-stage multi-recursive-input fully convolutional networks for neuronal boundary detection. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Venice, Italy.10.1109/ICCV.2017.262 ↗
24. He, J., Zhang, S., Yang, M., Shan, Y., and Huang, T. (2019, January 19). Bi-Directional Cascade Network for Perceptual Edge Detection. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Long Beach, CA, USA.10.1109/CVPR.2019.00395 ↗
25. Simonyan, K., and Zisserman, A. (2014). Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv.
26. A flexible new technique for camera calibration10.1109/34.888718 ↗
27. A versatile camera calibration technique for high-accuracy 3D machine vision metrology using off-the-shelf TV cameras and lenses10.1109/JRA.1987.1087109 ↗
28. Geometric camera calibration using circular control points10.1109/34.879788 ↗
29. Zhang, Q., and Pless, R. (October, January 28). Extrinsic calibration of a camera and laser range finder (improves camera calibration). Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Sendai, Japan.
30. Novel calibration method for a multi-sensor visual measurement system based on structured light10.1117/1.3407429 ↗
31. A minimal solution for the extrinsic calibration of a camera and a laser-rangefinder10.1109/TPAMI.2012.18 ↗
32. A novel method for the extrinsic calibration of a 2D laser rangefinder and a camera10.1109/JSEN.2018.2819082 ↗
33. So, E., Michieletto, S., and Menegatti, E. (2012, January 16–18). Calibration of a dual-laser triangulation system for assembly line completeness inspection. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Robotic and Sensors Environments Proceedings, Magdeburg, Germany.10.1109/ROSE.2012.6402621 ↗
34. An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters10.1137/0111030 ↗
35. Press, W., Teukolsky, S., and Vetterling, W. (1995). Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing, Cambridge University Press.