Physico-Chemical Features of Sangiovese Wine as Affected by a Post-Fermentative Treatment with Chitosan

Chitosan is a natural biopolymer, which is gaining interest in red winemaking thanks to its ability to inhibit the development of Brettanomyces spp. yeast, or other undesired wine microbial threats. However, little is known about potential side-effects of its addition on the physico-chemical parameters of red wines. To fill the gap on this aspect, this work focused on changes in color, phenolic and volatile composition of red wines treated for 7 days with 0.5 g/L of fungoid chitosan, added in both undissolved and dissolved form. When compared to untreated samples, minor changes in phenolic compounds were observed in chitosan added wines, mainly involving hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols, with reductions of 3 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L respectively. Ellagic acid, however, was absorbed up to 2 mg/L, which reduced his content by 40%. Since some of these compounds actively participate to co-pigmentation with anthocyanins, the color of wines was influenced accordingly. Chitosan marginally absorbed some aroma compounds, including volatile phenols whose amounts were slightly but significantly decreased after treatment. Overall, at the dose adopted, chitosan appeared suited to be used in red winemaking for microbial or physical stability purposes, not severely impairing the quality parameters of the final wines.