Evaluation of Dental Trauma Splints in Early Permanent Dentition Through Finite Element Analysis

Background: This study aims to evaluate the stress accumulation and distribution created by three different splint types and lengths in the early permanent dentition teeth, using finite element analysis. Methods: A total of 10 simulations were performed using three different splint materials, three different splint lengths, and a control group. Using finite element analysis, a vertical and an oblique force with 150 N was applied to the teeth. von Mises stress and its amounts occurring in enamel, dentin, and pulp as a result of the applied forces were evaluated. Results: In the control and operating models, it was determined that the highest von Mises stress values under vertical and oblique forces occurred at the points where the forces were applied. It was determined that the highest von Mises stress value in splint materials under vertical and oblique forces was in the composite orthodontic wire splint group. It was observed that the most negative results in terms of rigidity were observed in the composite orthodontic wire splint, and the most positive results were observed in the nylon fishing line splint. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the results demonstrate that different splint materials and splint lengths showed varying stress distribution patterns. These findings provide useful insight into the biomechanical behavior of dental trauma splints and may help in selecting appropriate splinting approaches. Further studies on this subject are needed to better understand the effects of these materials on enamel, dentin, and pulp.