Influence of Printing Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of EOS NickelAlloy HX Produced via Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Source abstract
Abstract
The research investigated the influence of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) parameters for NickelAlloy HX, a nickel-based superalloy, to achieve high-density components with superior mechanical properties. A systematic approach was employed, involving printing 40 cylindrical specimens with varying energy densities (50–240 J/mm3) to evaluate porosity, hardness, and anisotropy. Results revealed that energy density significantly influences relative density, with optimal parameters identified at 111 J/mm3 (900 mm/s scan speed, 120 W laser power). Microstructural examination revealed columnar grains aligned with the build direction in as-printed samples. The findings highlight the trade-offs between density, hardness, and microstructure in the additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloys, providing actionable insights for industrial applications requiring specific property profiles.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes · Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies · High Entropy Alloys Studies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Faculty of Mathematical & Nature Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Sch Exact Sci, Kazimierza Wóycickiego 1/3. 21, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
Funding
statutory work
References (29)
Show source-provided references
1. Metal additive manufacturing: A review10.1007/s11665-014-0958-z ↗
2. Additive manufacturing of metallic components–Process, structure and properties10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.10.001 ↗
3. Metal fabrication by additive manufacturing using laser and electron beam melting technologies10.1016/S1005-0302(12)60016-4 ↗
4. Gibson, I., Rosen, D.W., Stucker, B., and Khorasani, M. (2021). Additive Manufacturing Technologies, Springer. [3rd ed.].10.1007/978-3-030-56127-7 ↗
5. Review of selective laser melting: Materials and applications10.1063/1.4935926 ↗
6. Reed, R.C. (2006). The Superalloys: Fundamentals and Applications, Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511541285 ↗
7. Nickel-based superalloys for advanced turbine engines: Chemistry, microstructure and properties10.2514/1.18239 ↗
8. Defect formation mechanisms in selective laser melting: A review10.1007/s10033-017-0121-5 ↗
9. Observation of keyhole-mode laser melting in laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.06.005 ↗
10. Keyhole threshold and morphology in laser melting revealed by ultrahigh-speed x-ray imaging10.1126/science.aav4687 ↗
11. A study of the microstructural evolution during selective laser melting of Ti–6Al–4V10.1016/j.actamat.2010.02.004 ↗
12. Rapid fabrication of bulk-form TiB2/316L stainless steel nanocomposites with novel reinforcement architecture and improved performance by selective laser melting10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.04.156 ↗
13. The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing10.1080/09506608.2015.1116649 ↗
14. Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: Materials, processes and mechanisms10.1179/1743280411Y.0000000014 ↗
15. Characterization and comparison of Inconel 625 processed by selective laser melting and laser metal deposition10.1002/adem.201600635 ↗
16. Influence of heat treatments on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Inconel 625 processed by laser powder bed fusion10.1016/j.msea.2018.05.044 ↗
17. Effect of minor alloying elements on the mechanical properties of Hastelloy X fabricated by selective laser melting
18. Customizing Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Hastelloy X Parts by Adjusting Laser Scanning Speed10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152097 ↗
19. The microstructure and mechanical properties of deposited-IN718 by selective laser melting10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.10.107 ↗
20. Controlling mechanical properties of additively manufactured hastelloy X by altering solidification pattern during laser powder-bed fusion10.1016/j.msea.2019.138081 ↗
21. Impact of heat treatment on mechanical behaviour of Inconel 718 processed with tailored microstructure by selective laser melting10.1016/j.matdes.2017.05.065 ↗
22. Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure, texture and elastic anisotropy of the nickel-based superalloy CM247LC processed by selective laser melting10.1016/j.msea.2016.06.075 ↗
23. Prediction of lack-of-fusion porosity for powder bed fusion
24. Powder Bed Fusion of nickel-based superalloys: A review10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2021.103729 ↗
25. Low cycle fatigue behavior of direct metal laser sintered Inconel alloy 71810.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.08.019 ↗
26. Functionally graded Inconel 718 processed by additive manufacturing: Crystallographic texture, anisotropy of microstructure and mechanical properties10.1016/j.matdes.2016.10.075 ↗
27. Microstructures and mechanical behavior of Inconel 718 fabricated by selective laser melting10.1016/j.actamat.2011.12.032 ↗
28. Defect formation mechanisms in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing: A review
29. Effect of post-processing heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured Inconel 718. Mater