The Effect of Non-Transferred Plasma Torch Electrodes on Plasma Jet: A Computational Study

This study explores how different electrode shapes affect plasma flow in a non-transferred plasma torch. Various cathode geometries—including conical, tapered, flat, and cylindrical—were examined alongside stepped anode designs. A 2D axisymmetric computational model was employed to assess the impact of these shapes on plasma behavior. The results reveal that different cathode designs require varying current levels to maintain a consistent power output. This paper presents the changes in electric conductivity and electric potential for different input currents across the arc formation path (from the cathode tip to the anode beginning) and relating to Ohm’s law. Significant variations in plasma jet velocity and temperature were observed, especially near the cathode tip. The study concludes by evaluating thermal efficiency across geometry configurations. Flat cathodes demonstrated the highest efficiency, while the anode shape had minimal impact.