Comparison of the Sensitivity of Various Fibers in Distributed Acoustic Sensing
Source abstract
Abstract
Standard single-mode telecommunication optical fiber is still one of the most popular in distributed acoustic sensing. Understanding the acoustic, mechanical and optical features of various fibers available currently can lead to a better optimization of distributed acoustic sensors, cost reduction and adaptation for specific needs. In this paper, a study of the performances of seven fibers with different coatings and production methods in a distributed acoustic sensor setup is presented. The main results include the amplitude–frequency characteristic for each of the investigated fibers in the range of acoustic frequencies from 100 to 7000 Hz. A single-mode fiber fabricated using the modified chemical vapor deposition technique together with a polyimide coating has shown the best sensitivity to acoustic events in the investigated range of frequencies. All of this allows us to both compare the studied specialty fibers with the standard single-mode fiber and choose the most suitable fiber for a specific application, providing an enhancement for the performance of distributed acoustic sensors and better adaptation for the newly aroused potential applications.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors · Flow Measurement and Analysis · Structural Health Monitoring Techniques
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13a Lenin Street, 614000 Perm, Russia
General Physics Department, Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Komsomolsky Avenue 29, 614990 Perm, Russia
S.P. Kapitsa Research Institute of Technology, Ulyanovsk State University, 42 Leo Tolstoy Street, 432970 Ulyanovsk, Russia
Electromagnetism and Telecommunication Department, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
Funding
State assignment · Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises · Russian Science Foundation · framework of State Assignment
References (58)
Show source-provided references
1. Optical fiber acoustic sensor10.1364/AO.16.001761 ↗
2. Wang, Z., Lu, B., Ye, Q., and Cai, H. (2020). Recent progress in distributed fiber acoustic sensing with F-OTDR. Sensors, 20.10.3390/s20226594 ↗
3. Gorshkov, B.G., Alekseev, A.E., Simikin, D.E., Taranov, M.A., Zhukov, K.M., and Potapov, V.T. (2022). A Cost-Effective Distributed Acoustic Sensor for Engineering Geology. Sensors, 22.10.3390/s22239482 ↗
4. Coherent Optical Frequency Reflectometer Based on a Self-sweeping Fiber Laser for Distributed Measurements10.3103/S1068335623150095 ↗
5. Wang, Y., Ding, K., Wu, H., Zhao, T., Wu, Y., Cui, Q., Chen, Y., Lei, Y., and Qin, L. (2023). Tunable Narrow Linewidth External Cavity Diode Laser Employing Wide Interference Filter and Diffraction Grating. Appl. Sci., 13.10.3390/app131910790 ↗
6. Specialty optical fibers for advanced sensing applications10.29026/oes.2023.220025 ↗
7. Ogawa, N., Suzuki, H., Sakurai, K., Konishi, C., Fujiwara, H., Nakamura, H., and Naito, S. (2024, January 13). Comparison of DAS Data Obtained by Controlled Experiments Using Several Interrogators and Fiber Cables. Proceedings of the 6th Asia Pacific Meeting on Near Surface Geoscience and Engineering, Tsukuba, Japan.10.3997/2214-4609.202471080 ↗
8. Turov, A.T., Konstantinov, Y.A., Barkov, F.L., Korobko, D.A., Zolotovskii, I.O., Lopez-Mercado, C.A., and Fotiadi, A.A. (2023). Enhancing the Distributed Acoustic Sensors’(DAS) Performance by the Simple Noise Reduction Algorithms Sequential Application. Algorithms, 16.10.3390/a16050217 ↗
9. Turov, A.T., Barkov, F.L., Konstantinov, Y.A., Korobko, D.A., Lopez-Mercado, C.A., and Fotiadi, A.A. (2023). Activation function dynamic averaging as a technique for nonlinear 2D data denoising in distributed acoustic sensors. Algorithms, 16.10.3390/a16090440 ↗
10. Zhirnov, A.A., Choban, T.V., Stepanov, K.V., Koshelev, K.I., Chernutsky, A.O., Pnev, A.B., and Karasik, V.E. (2022). Distributed acoustic sensor using a double sagnac interferometer based on wavelength division multiplexing. Sensors, 22.10.3390/s22072772 ↗
11. Optical-pulse-coding phase-sensitive OTDR with mismatched filtering10.1007/s11432-021-3329-6 ↗
12. A Review of Distributed Fiber–Optic Sensing in the Oil and Gas Industry10.1109/JLT.2021.3135653 ↗
13. Real-time DAS VSP acquisition and processing on single-and multi-mode fibers10.1109/JSEN.2020.3036930 ↗
14. Sun, Y., Li, H., Fan, C., Yan, B., Chen, J., Yan, Z., and Sun, Q. (2022). Review of a specialty fiber for distributed acoustic sensing technology. Photonics, 9.10.3390/photonics9050277 ↗
15. Fiber-optic intrinsic distributed acoustic emission sensor for large structure health monitoring10.1364/OL.34.001858 ↗
16. Field test of a distributed fiber-optic intrusion sensor system for long perimeters10.1364/AO.46.001968 ↗
17. Mendoza, E., Prohaska, J., Kempen, C., Esterkin, Y., Sun, S., and Krishnaswamy, S. (2013, January 14–17). Distributed fiber optic acoustic emission sensor (FAESense™) system for condition based maintenance of advanced structures. Proceedings of the Optical Sensors, Rio Grande, PR, USA.10.1364/SENSORS.2013.SM4C.4 ↗
18. Monitoring of a heterogeneous reaction by acoustic emission10.1039/b402875a ↗
19. Bakhoum, E.G., Zhang, C., and Cheng, M.H. (2020). Real time measurement of airplane flutter via distributed acoustic sensing. Aerospace, 7.10.3390/aerospace7090125 ↗
20. Ashry, I., Mao, Y., Al-Fehaid, Y., Al-Shawaf, A., Al-Bagshi, M., Al-Brahim, S., Ng, T.K., and Ooi, B.S. (2020). Early detection of red palm weevil using distributed optical sensor. Sci. Rep., 10.10.1038/s41598-020-60171-7 ↗
21. Sounds emitted by plants under stress are airborne and informative10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.009 ↗
22. Glaser, D.R., Costley, R.D., Hathaway, K., Boitnott, G., and Weale, J. (2021). Snow coupled distributed acoustic sensing for intrusion detection of polar bears in arctic camps. Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2021, Society of Exploration Geophysicists.10.4133/sageep.33-143 ↗
23. Characterizing thunder-induced ground motions using fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing array10.1029/2019JD031453 ↗
24. Ding, Y., Tian, Y., Ozharar, S., Jiang, Z., and Wang, T. (2022). Rain Intensity Detection and Classification with Pre-existing Telecom Fiber Cables. Optical Sensors and Sensing Congress 2022 (AIS, LACSEA, Sensors, ES), Optica Publishing Group.10.1364/SENSORS.2022.SM2C.7 ↗
25. Gritsenko, T.V., Orlova, M.V., Zhirnov, A.A., Konstantinov, Y.A., Turov, A.T., Barkov, F.L., Khan, R.I., Koshelev, K.I., Svelto, C., and Pnev, A.B. (2024). Detection and Recognition of Voice Commands by a Distributed Acoustic Sensor Based on Phase-Sensitive OTDR in the Smart Home Concept. Sensors, 24.10.3390/s24072281 ↗
26. Zhang, L., Ji, H., Liu, L., and Zhao, J. (2021). Time–frequency domain characteristics of acoustic emission signals and critical fracture precursor signals in the deep granite deformation process. Appl. Sci., 11.10.3390/app11178236 ↗
27. Musical instrument pickup based on a laser locked to an optical fiber resonator10.1364/OE.19.025057 ↗
28. Distributed measurements of vibration frequency using phase-OTDR with a DFB laser self-stabilized through PM fiber ring cavity10.1016/j.rinp.2019.02.023 ↗
29. Speech Enhancement Based on Array-processing-assisted Distributed Fiber Acoustic Sensing10.1109/JSEN.2023.3268213 ↗
30. Denoising the optical fiber seismic data by using convolutional adversarial network based on loss balance10.1109/TGRS.2020.3036065 ↗
31. Distributed vibration sensor based on coherent detection of phase-OTDR
32. Didraga, C. (2015, January 1). DAS VSP recorded simultaneously in cemented and tubing installed fiber optic cables. Proceedings of the 77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2015, Madrid, Spain.10.3997/2214-4609.201412738 ↗
33. Hofmann, J., Facchini, M., and Lowell, M. (2015;, January 20–24). Analysis of the acoustic response in water and sand of different fiber optic sensing cables. Proceedings of the SPIE Sensing Technology + Applications, Baltimore, MD, USA.10.1117/12.2178282 ↗
34. Freeland, R.S., Chow, B., Williams, J., and Godfrey, A. (2017, January 9–13). Relative acoustic sensitivity of standard telecom and specialty optical fiber cables for distributed sensing. Proceedings of the SPIE Commercial + Scientific Sensing and Imaging, Anaheim, CA, USA.10.1117/12.2263586 ↗
35. Optical fiber distributed acoustic sensors: A review10.1109/JLT.2021.3059771 ↗
36. Peng, Z., Wen, H., Jian, J., Gribok, A., Wang, M., Huang, S., Liu, H., Mao, Z.-H., and Chen, K.P. (2020). Identifications and classifications of human locomotion using Rayleigh-enhanced distributed fiber acoustic sensors with deep neural networks. Sci. Rep., 10.10.1038/s41598-020-77147-2 ↗
37. Extending the operation range of a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer by using fibre with chirped Bragg gratings10.1070/QEL17232 ↗
38. Xie, T., Zhang, C.C., Chen, J.S., Fu, Y.P., Dai, L., Yin, J., and Shi, B. (2020, January 23–26). Influence of fiber-optic cable structure, sand density, and acoustic frequency on DAS amplitude response: Preliminary results. Proceedings of the China Rock 2020, Beijing, China.
39. Distributed acoustic sensing with sensitivity-enhanced optical cable10.1109/JSEN.2020.3035002 ↗
40. Modeling and experimental research on receiving signal of multi-layer distributed acoustic sensing optical fiber in shallow water10.1016/j.yofte.2021.102692 ↗
41. (2024, October 08). Material Property Data. Available online: https://www.matweb.com/search/datasheet.aspx?MatGUID=3a8afcddac864d4b8f58d40570d2e5aa.
42. (2024, October 08). Teflon. Available online: https://www.teflon.com/en/-/media/files/teflon/tefzel-750-appliance-wire-product-info.pdf.
43. (2024, October 08). Fiber Optic Center. Available online: https://focenter.com/covestro-desolite-r-cov-df-0009-single-coat-optical-fiber-coating-uv-cure-1-kg-40471.
44. Bestech (2024, October 08). Sensors & Teaching Equipment. Available online: https://www.bestech.com.au/wp-content/uploads/Modulus-of-Elasticity.pdf.
45. (2024, October 08). AZO Materials. Available online: https://www.azom.com/properties.aspx?ArticleID=516.
46. Wang, B., Mao, Y., Ashry, I., Al-Fehaid, Y., Al-Shawaf, A., Ng, T., Yu, C., and Ooi, B. (2021). Towards Detecting Red Palm Weevil Using Machine Learning and Fiber Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing. Sensors, 21.10.3390/s21051592 ↗
47. Abdollahi, M., Giovenazzo, P., and Falk, T.H. (2022). Automated beehive acoustics monitoring: A comprehensive review of the literature and recommendations for future work. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app12083920 ↗
48. Mixed intrusion events recognition based on group convolutional neural networks in DAS system10.1109/JSEN.2021.3129473 ↗
49. Distributed fiber sensor and machine learning data analytics for pipeline protection against extrinsic intrusions and intrinsic corrosions10.1364/OE.397509 ↗
50. Wang, S., Liu, F., and Liu, B. (2022). Semi-supervised deep learning in high-speed railway track detection based on distributed fiber acoustic sensing. Sensors, 22.10.3390/s22020413 ↗
51. Vidovic, I., and Marschnig, S. (2020). Optical Fibres for Condition Monitoring of Railway Infrastructure—Encouraging Data Source or Errant Effort?. Appl. Sci., 10.10.3390/app10176016 ↗
52. Wiesmeyr, C., Litzenberger, M., Waser, M., Papp, A., Garn, H., Neunteufel, G., and Döller, H. (2020). Real-Time Train Tracking from Distributed Acoustic Sensing Data. Appl. Sci., 10.10.3390/app10020448 ↗
53. Distributed acoustic emission sensing for large complex air structures10.1177/1475921717714614 ↗
54. Real-time distributed fiber microphone based on phase-OTDR10.1364/OE.24.029597 ↗
55. Ashry, I., Wang, B., Mao, Y., Sait, M., Guo, Y., Al-Fehaid, Y., Al-Shawaf, A., Ng, T.K., and Ooi, B.S. (2022). CNN–Aided Optical Fiber Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Early Detection of Red PalmWeevil: A Field Experiment. Sensors, 22.10.3390/s22176491 ↗
56. Tejedor, J., Macias-Guarasa, J., Martins, H.F., Pastor-Graells, J., Corredera, P., and Martin-Lopez, S. (2017). Machine Learning Methods for Pipeline Surveillance Systems Based on Distributed Acoustic Sensing: A Review. Appl. Sci., 7.10.3390/app7080841 ↗
57. Golacki, P., Masoudi, A., Holland, K., and Newson, T. (2016, January 4–7). Distributed optical fibre acoustic sensors–future applications in audio and acoustics engineering. Proceedings of the ACOUSTICS 2016, Kenilworth, UK.
58. High Sensitivity Differential Phase OTDR for Acoustic Signals Detection10.1109/LPT.2021.3084557 ↗