Stents in Congenital Heart Disease: State of the Art and Future Scenarios
Source abstract
Abstract
Stents are tubular meshed endoprostheses implanted mini-invasively through a transcatheter intervention to guarantee the patency of body conduits, mainly in cardiovascular applications. In pediatric cardiology, stenting has become an accepted procedure in the treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD) as an alternative to open-heart surgery. CHD refers to a range of defects affecting the heart’s structure and function arising from abnormal development during pregnancy. While during fetal life, the presence of additional shunts allows for the establishment of parallel circulation and survival of gestation, CHD is not compatible with extrauterine life, and medical intervention is required soon after birth. This review aims to discuss the state of the art of stenting in CHD. Despite the severity of these pathologies, investment from the industry remains limited due to the restricted number of cases, and dedicated devices are still missing. As a consequence, commercially available adult stents are commonly exploited on an off-label basis in newborns without any optimization for the specific anatomy and required function. In this review, a classification of the available stents is provided, resuming the manufacturing technologies, materials, and geometrical aspects to obtain the target biomechanical performance. After analyzing the fetal circulation, different forms of CHD amenable to stenting are considered, collecting the stents currently adopted and discussing the clinical outcomes to outline the features of an ideal device.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Congenital Heart Disease Studies · Coronary Artery Anomalies · Cardiac Structural Anomalies and Repair
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” (LaBS), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
Funding
L’Oréal Italia and UNESCO for the partial support in the frame of the 2023 Italian edition of the “For Women in Science”
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
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