journal article·2025-07Open access

Effect of high surface area alumina platelets on squeeze flow properties of geopolymer pastes

Allison S. Brandvold, Ana C. C. Trindade, Waltraud M. Kriven

Abstract

Abstract Geopolymers are alkali‐activated inorganic polymers emerging as a leading alternative to ordinary Portland cement that have also garnered significant interest for additive manufacturing, particularly in refractory applications. Reinforcing geopolymers with alumina platelets enhances their mechanical strength and thermal stability, making them ideal for high‐temperature environments. In this study, the rheological properties of potassium geopolymer reinforced with alumina platelets were systematically investigated, with the goal of assessing their applicability in additive manufacturing processes. The study explored the influence of platelet size, reinforcement content, and deformation rate (squeezing rate). The high specific surface area of the alumina platelets introduced jamming and collision‐based effects at higher reinforcement levels, while phase separation dominated at lower squeezing rates. Higher squeezing rates led to more homogenous deformation, with load responses showing different behaviors. For instance, with 5‐µm platelets, a super linear increase in load was observed at low reinforcement levels. A percolation threshold was identified for the 5‐, 25‐, and 50‐µm platelets in relation to load response, reinforcement content, and squeezing rate. Finally, the work‐to‐squeeze values were calculated, providing quantitative insights into the material performance and its potential for use in additive manufacturing.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials · Drilling and Well Engineering · Mineral Processing and Grinding

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA

Department of Biosystems Engineering University of São Paulo (USP) Pirassununga Sao Paulo Brazil

Funding

Construction Engineering Research Laboratory · U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

References (78)

Show source-provided references
1. 10.1016/B978-0-12-818542-1.00100-410.1016/B978-0-12-818542-1.00100-4 ↗
2. 10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.09995-110.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.09995-1 ↗
3. Davidovits J · 2020
4. 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.09.01910.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.09.019 ↗
5. 10.1155/2020/753270310.1155/2020/7532703 ↗
6. 10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.08.01810.1016/j.cemconres.2007.08.018 ↗
7. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.01.03010.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2017.01.030 ↗
8. 10.1016/j.oceram.2021.10013410.1016/j.oceram.2021.100134 ↗
9. 10.4416/JCST2014‐0005710.4416/JCST2014‐00057 ↗
10. 10.1016/j.addma.2022.10278210.1016/j.addma.2022.102782 ↗
11. 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.13610.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.136 ↗
12. 10.1016/j.matlet.2021.12968010.1016/j.matlet.2021.129680 ↗
13. 10.1016/j.jobe.2020.10189410.1016/j.jobe.2020.101894 ↗
14. 10.1016/j.oceram.2021.10007110.1016/j.oceram.2021.100071 ↗
15. 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.10.00210.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.10.002 ↗
16. 10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.10729010.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107290 ↗
17. 10.1016/j.autcon.2022.10467110.1016/j.autcon.2022.104671 ↗
18. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.01010.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.010 ↗
19. 10.3390/ma1112235210.3390/ma11122352 ↗
20. 10.1533/9780857098825.3.44510.1533/9780857098825.3.445 ↗
21. 10.1533/9781845696382.1.5010.1533/9781845696382.1.50 ↗
22. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.07610.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.076 ↗
23. 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.09.00710.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.09.007 ↗
24. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.02.01310.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2024.02.013 ↗
25. 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.05.01610.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.05.016 ↗
26. 10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.05.01410.1016/j.cemconres.2009.05.014 ↗
27. 10.1111/jace.1716910.1111/jace.17169 ↗
28. 10.1002/ces2.1015410.1002/ces2.10154 ↗
29. 10.1002/9780470291238.ch4610.1002/9780470291238.ch46 ↗
30. 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02922.x10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02922.x ↗
31. 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03794.x10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03794.x ↗
32. KrivenWM BellJL MallicoatSW GordonM.Intrinsic microstructure and properties of metakaolin‐based geopolymers.International Workshop on Geopolymer Binders: Interdependence of Composition Structure and Properties.2007;71–86.
33. 10.1111/ijac.1450710.1111/ijac.14507 ↗
34. Kriven WM · 2008 · 57
35. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.13585210.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.135852 ↗
36. 10.1017/CBO978113954100810.1017/CBO9781139541008 ↗
37. 10.1073/pnas.192177811710.1073/pnas.1921778117 ↗
38. 10.1016/j.crhy.2014.12.00110.1016/j.crhy.2014.12.001 ↗
39. 10.1038/nature0480110.1038/nature04801 ↗
40. 10.1140/epje/i2003-10153-010.1140/epje/i2003-10153-0 ↗
41. 10.1007/s10409-022-22191-x10.1007/s10409-022-22191-x ↗
42. 10.1016/j.cemconres.2021.10649810.1016/j.cemconres.2021.106498 ↗
43. 10.1016/j.jnnfm.2005.08.00710.1016/j.jnnfm.2005.08.007 ↗
44. 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.09.00710.1016/j.cemconres.2004.09.007 ↗
45. 10.1016/j.jnnfm.2005.10.01010.1016/j.jnnfm.2005.10.010 ↗
46. 10.1016/S0377-0257(02)00011-310.1016/S0377-0257(02)00011-3 ↗
47. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.01010.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.010 ↗
48. 10.1122/1.164551410.1122/1.1645514 ↗
49. 10.1122/1.136671710.1122/1.1366717 ↗
50. 10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.04710.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.047 ↗
51. 10.1016/0377-0257(81)80024-910.1016/0377-0257(81)80024-9 ↗
52. 10.1515/arh-2004-001510.1515/arh-2004-0015 ↗
53. 10.1021/la001091g10.1021/la001091g ↗
54. 10.1111/jace.1908110.1111/jace.19081 ↗
55. 10.1002/9781118406892.ch1510.1002/9781118406892.ch15 ↗
56. 10.1201/978131527604510.1201/9781315276045 ↗
57. 10.1016/S0167-2991(07)80008-510.1016/S0167-2991(07)80008-5 ↗
58. 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.07.08210.1016/j.powtec.2021.07.082 ↗
59. 10.1111/jace.1948410.1111/jace.19484 ↗
60. Fox RW · 2004
61. 10.1111/jace.1990910.1111/jace.19909 ↗
62. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.17550210.1103/PhysRevLett.112.175502 ↗
63. 10.1103/PhysRevE.86.02010310.1103/PhysRevE.86.020103 ↗
64. Rheological properties of metakaolin‐based geopolymers for three‐dimensional printing of structures
65. 10.1039/D1SM01718G10.1039/D1SM01718G ↗
66. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.11888110.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118881 ↗
67. 10.1111/jace.1348010.1111/jace.13480 ↗
68. 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2011.07.01310.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2011.07.013 ↗
69. Morrison F · 2001 · 436p
70. 10.1016/B978-0-323-37468-2.00006-310.1016/B978-0-323-37468-2.00006-3 ↗
71. Larson RG · 1999
72. 10.1039/b517840a10.1039/b517840a ↗
73. 10.1016/S0032-5910(02)00227-910.1016/S0032-5910(02)00227-9 ↗
74. 10.1016/B0-12-512666-2/00202-910.1016/B0-12-512666-2/00202-9 ↗
75. SteifJE.A mini course on percolation theory. In 2011. Avaliable from:https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17602517
76. 10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.07.00210.1016/j.cemconres.2013.07.002 ↗
77. 10.1038/s41467-020-15263-310.1038/s41467-020-15263-3 ↗
78. Mezger TG · 2014