Compatibility of Different Automotive Elastomers in Paraffinic Diesel Fuel
Source abstract
Abstract
The introduction of new fuels to power internal combustion engines requires testing the compatibility of such fuels with materials commonly used in fuel supply systems. This paper investigates the influence of alternative fuels on the acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and fluoroelastomer used in the automotive industry. In the study, conventional diesel fuel, its blend with 7% of fatty acid methyl esters and paraffinic diesel fuel produced with the Fisher Tropsch synthesis from natural gas were interacted with the elastomers. The immersion tests were carried out at room temperature (20 °C) for 168 h. The effect was evaluated based on changes in the selected rubber’s volume, mass and hardness. It has been confirmed that the synthetic component without aromatic hydrocarbons had a different effect on the tested rubber than did conventional fuel. In follow-up work, the selected rubbers were also subjected to microscopic observation. The most frequently observed effect was the washing out of the seal protective layer.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Biodiesel Production and Applications · Heat transfer and supercritical fluids · Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Fuels and Lubricants Division, Air Force Institute of Technology (ITWL), 01-494 Warsaw, Poland
Funding
Ministry of Science and Higher Education
References (48)
Show source-provided references
1. (2021, July 21). Diesel Fuels Technical Review (2007) Chevron Corporation. Available online: https://www.chevron.com/-/media/chevron/operations/documents/diesel-fuel-tech-review.pdf.
2. Speight, J.G. (2020). Chapter 3—Hydrocarbons from crude oil. Handbook of Industrial Hydrocarbon Processes, Gulf Professional Publishing. [2nd ed.].10.1016/B978-0-12-809923-0.00003-5 ↗
3. Martyr, A.J., and Rogers, D.R. (2021). Engine Testing (Fifth Edition), Chapter 7—Energy Storage, Butterworth-Heinemann.10.1016/B978-0-12-821226-4.00007-3 ↗
4. Boichenko, S.V., and Zakharchuk, M.M. (2012). Aviation Fuels and Lubricants. Manual, Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sport of Ukraine, National Aviation University.
5. Schobert, H. (2013). Chemistry of Fossil Fuels and Biofuels (Cambridge Series in Chemical Engineering), Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511844188 ↗
6. Compatibility of different biodiesel composition with acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)10.1016/j.fuel.2015.05.054 ↗
7. Reducing carbon footprint direction of the development of aviation fuels
8. Assessment of lubricity of compositions of fuel oil with biocomponents derived from rape-seed10.1016/j.wear.2009.07.004 ↗
9. Influences of biodiesel fuels produced from highly degraded waste animal fats on the injection and emission characteristics of a CRDI diesel engine
10. A review on biofuels for light-duty vehicles in Europe10.1016/j.rser.2020.110398 ↗
11. Low temperature properties of fuel mixtures of kerosene and fame type used to supply turbine engines in marine and other non-aeronautical applications10.1515/pomr-2015-0023 ↗
12. (2019). Worldwide Fuel Charter Gasoline and Diesel Fuel, World-Wide Fuel Charter Committee. [6th ed.].
13. Comparision of fuel properties of biodiesel fuels produced from different oils to determine the most suitable feedstock type10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116817 ↗
14. (2021, June 28). Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Promotion of the Use of Energy from Renewable Sources. Available online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32018L2001.
15. Poliscanova, J., Earl, T., Ambel, C.C., and Archer, G. (2018). Roadmap on How to Decarbonise European Cars by 2050, Transport & Environment.
16. Developments of electric cars and fuel cell hydrogen electric cars10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.07.054 ↗
17. The impact of biodiesel B100 on a small agricultural diesel engine10.1016/j.triboint.2018.07.042 ↗
18. Application potential of vegetable oils as alternative to diesel fuels in compression ignition engines: A review10.1016/j.joei.2019.01.003 ↗
19. DME as alternative fuel for compression ignition engines—A review10.19206/CE-2019-230 ↗
20. Effect of n-butanol/diesel blends on performance and emissions of a heavy-duty diesel engine tested under the World Harmonised Steady-State cycle10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121204 ↗
21. Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of a miniature gas turbine supplied by blends of kerosene and waste tyre pyrolysis oil10.1016/j.energy.2020.119125 ↗
22. Experimental characterization of GTL, HVO, and OME based alternative fuels for diesel engines10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120177 ↗
23. (2019). EN 15940 Automotive Fuels—Paraffinic Diesel Fuel from Synthesis or Hydrotreatment—Requirements and Test Methods, European Committee for Standardization.
24. Influence of synthetic fuel on nitrile rubbers used in aviation10.21307/tp-2020-031 ↗
25. (2021). EN 590 Automotive Fuels—Diesel—Requirements and Test Methods, European Committee for Standardization.
26. (2021, July 20). Shell GTL Fuel. Knowledge Guide; Version 2.0, Shell. Available online: https://www.bremer-mineraloel.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Shell-GTL-Fuel-techn.-Details.pdf.
27. (2016). Neste Renewable Diesel Handbook, Neste Corporation, Available online: https://www.neste.com/sites/default/files/attachments/neste_renewable_diesel_handbook.pdf.
28. Efficient hydrotreated vegetable oil combustion under partially premixed conditions with heavy exhaust gas recirculation10.1016/j.fuel.2020.117350 ↗
29. Choi, K., Park, S., Roh, H.G., and Lee, C.S. (2019). Combustion and Emission Reduction Characteristics of GTL-Biodiesel Fuel in a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine. Energies, 12.10.3390/en12112201 ↗
30. (2020). ASTM D7566 Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons, ASTM International.
31. (2021). ASTM D4054 Standard Practice for Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel Additives, ASTM International.
32. Deterioration of seals of automotive fuel systems upon exposure to straight Jatropha oil and diesel10.1016/j.renene.2018.04.048 ↗
33. Influence of biodiesel decomposition chemistry on elastomer compatibility10.1016/j.fuel.2018.06.107 ↗
34. Degradation of carbon-black-filled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber in alternative fuels: Transesterified and hydrotreated vegetable oils10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.11.019 ↗
35. Overview of the interactions between automotive materials and biodiesel obtained from different feedstocks10.1016/j.fuproc.2019.106178 ↗
36. Compatibility of diesel engine materials with biodiesel fuel10.1016/j.renene.2019.08.040 ↗
37. O-Rings Material Deterioration due to Contact with Biodiesel Blends in a Dynamic Fuel Flow10.1088/1742-6596/1167/1/012050 ↗
38. Nitrile rubber and carboxylated nitrile rubber resistance to soybean biodiesel10.1590/0104-1428.09816 ↗
39. Compatibility of Palm Biodiesel Blends on the Existing Elastomer Fuel Hose in Diesel Engine with Approach of Dynamic Test Rig: A Concept Study10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1010.172 ↗
40. Deterioration of automotive rubbers in liquid biofuels: A review10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.096 ↗
41. Westbrook, S.R. (2021, June 28). Guidance Document for Alternative Diesel Fuels Proposed as “Drop-in” Fuels to Displace Diesel Fuels as Specified by ASTM Specification D975; Interim Report TFLRF No. 451, 2014. Available online: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA626569.pdf.10.21236/ADA626569 ↗
42. A Material Compatibility Study of Automotive Elastomers with high FFA based Biodiesel10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.151 ↗
43. Improving GTL process by CO2 utilization in tri-reforming reactor and application of membranes in Fisher Tropsch reactor10.1016/j.jcou.2017.07.019 ↗
44. (2021). ASTM D471 Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids, ASTM International.
45. Macroscopic Alignment of Block Copolymers on Silicon Substrates by Laser Annealing10.1021/acsnano.0c00696 ↗
46. Ageing properties of a polyoxymethylene copolymer exposed to (bio) diesel and hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) in demanding high temperature conditions10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109491 ↗
47. Yaqoob, H., Teoh, Y.H., Jamil, M.A., Rasheed, T., and Sher, F. (2020). An Experimental Investigation on Tribological Behaviour of Tire-Derived Pyrolysis Oil Blended with Biodiesel Fuel. Sustainability, 12.10.3390/su12239975 ↗
48. (2021). ASTM D7566 Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels, ASTM International.