Properties of a Lightweight Fly Ash–Slag Alkali-Activated Concrete with Three Strength Grades
Source abstract
Abstract
Lightweight alkali-activated concrete (LAAC) is a type of highly environmentally friendly concrete, which can provide the benefits of both alkali-activated material and lightweight concrete. The study aimed to investigate the influence of different water/solid (W/S) ratios on the properties of normal-weight/lightweight fly ash–slag alkali-activated concrete manufactured at ambient temperature. The relative performance of the alkali-activated concrete (AAC) mixes with limestone and sintered fly ash lightweight aggregates as the coarse aggregates was also compared to the conventional ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete mix in terms of their compressive stress–strain relationship, splitting tensile strength and fracture parameters. The morphologies and microstructure of the four types of interfacial transition zones (ITZs) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results indicated that the AAC had a higher tensile strength, stress intensity factor, brittleness and lower elastic modulus than its cement counterpart. With the decrease in the W/S ratio, the density, compressive and tensile strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, fracture energy, brittleness and elastic modulus of the AAC increase. However, the influence of the W/S ratio on the mechanical properties of the LAAC with lightweight porous aggregates was less than that of the normal-weight AAC. Predictive models of the splitting tensile strength, fracture energy and elastic modulus of the AAC were also suggested, which were similar to those of the OPC concrete. Furthermore, the microstructure investigation showed that no wall effect occurred in the ITZ of the AAC. The ITZ structure of the hardened AAC was also more compact and uniform than that of the OPC concrete.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials · Magnesium Oxide Properties and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Nanning 530004, China
School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China · Guangxi University · Science and Technology Planning Project of GuangXi Province
References (50)
Show source-provided references
1. Sustainable cement production—Present and future10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.03.019 ↗
2. Wang, H., Wang, L., Li, L., Cheng, B., Zhang, Y., and Wei, Y. (2020). The study on the whole stress-strain curves of coral fly ash-slag alkali-activated concrete under uniaxial compression. Materials, 13.10.3390/ma13194291 ↗
3. Wang, H., Wu, Y., Wei, M., Wang, L., and Cheng, B. (2020). Hysteretic behavior of geopolymer concrete with active confinement subjected to monotonic and cyclic axial compression: An experimental study. Materials, 13.10.3390/ma13183997 ↗
4. The role of inorganic polymer technology in the development of ‘green concrete’10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.08.018 ↗
5. Costs and carbon emissions for geopolymer pastes in comparison to ordinary portland cement10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.02.010 ↗
6. Technical and commercial progress in the adoption of geopolymer cement10.1016/j.mineng.2011.09.009 ↗
7. Fracture behaviour of heat cured fly ash based geopolymer concrete10.1016/j.matdes.2012.08.005 ↗
8. Effect of GGBFS on setting, workability and early strength properties of fly ash geopolymer concrete cured in ambient condition10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.05.080 ↗
9. Alkali-activated concrete: Engineering properties and stress–strain behavior10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.04.039 ↗
10. Compressive strength and microstructural properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001656 ↗
11. Fly ash-based geopolymer: Clean production, properties and applications10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.019 ↗
12. Setting and mechanical properties of alkali-activated fly ash/slag concrete manufactured at room temperature10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.107 ↗
13. Workability and mechanical properties of alkali-activated fly ash-slag concrete cured at ambient temperature10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.008 ↗
14. Effect of admixture on the pore structure refinement and enhanced performance of alkali-activated fly ash-slag concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.136 ↗
15. Mechanical properties and microstructure analysis of FA-GGBS-HMNS based geopolymer concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.202 ↗
16. Engineering properties and carbon footprint of ground granulated blast-furnace slag-palm oil fuel ash-based structural geopolymer concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.026 ↗
17. Investigation of engineering properties of normal and high strength fly ash based geopolymer and alkali-activated slag concrete compared to ordinary Portland cement concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.11.083 ↗
18. Fracture properties of geopolymer paste and concrete10.1680/macr.2011.63.10.763 ↗
19. Fracture properties of GGBFS-blended fly ash geopolymer concrete cured in ambient temperature10.1617/s11527-016-0893-6 ↗
20. Fracture properties of alkali-activated slag and ordinary Portland cement concrete and mortar10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.202 ↗
21. Influence of type of binder on high-performance sintered fly ash lightweight aggregate concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.057 ↗
22. Development of sustainable lightweight concrete using fly ash cenosphere and sintered fly ash aggregate10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.034 ↗
23. Response of alkali activated low calcium fly-ash based geopolymer concrete under compressive load at elevated temperatures
24. Effect of water content on the properties of lightweight alkali-activated slag concrete10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000244 ↗
25. China, Standardiztion Administration of China (S.A.C.) (2007). Common Portland Concrete, Standards Press of China.
26. China, Standardiztion Administration of China (S.A.C.) (1998). Lightweight Aggregates and Its Test Methods-Part 2: Test Method for Lightweight Aggregates, Standards Press of China.
27. China, Standardiztion Administration of China (S.A.C.) (2011). Code for Mix Proportion Design of Ordinary Concrete, China Architecture& Building Press.
28. China, Ministry of Construction of China (M.O.C.O) (2002). Technical Specification for Lightweight Aggregate Concrete, China Architecture & Building Press.
29. China, Standardiztion Administration of China (S.A.C.) (2016). Standard for Test Method of Performance on Ordinary Fresh Concrete, Standards Press of China.
30. ASTM C597 (2003). Standard Test Method for Pulse Velocity through Concrete, American Society for Testing and Materials.
31. China, Standardiztion Administration of China (S.A.C.) (2002). Standard for Test Method of Mechanical Properties on Ordinary Concrete, China Architecture & Building Press.
32. A review on concrete fracture energy and effective parameters10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.03.013 ↗
33. Hillerborg, A. (1983). Concrete Fracture Energy Tests Performed by 9 Laboratories according to a Draft RILEM Recommendation: Report to RILEM TC50-FMC, Lund University.
34. EN 14651 (2005). Test Method for Metallic Fibered Concrete Measuring the Flexural Tensile Strength, European Committee for Standardization.
35. ASTM E399-90 (1997). Standard Test Method for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials, American Society for Testing and Materials.
36. Geopolymer concrete: A review of some recent developments10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.03.036 ↗
37. Structural behavior of alkali activated fly ash concrete. Part 1: Mixture design, material properties and sample fabrication10.1617/s11527-012-9919-x ↗
38. Structural behavior of alkali activated fly ash concrete. Part 2: Structural testing and experimental findings10.1617/s11527-012-9985-0 ↗
39. ACI 318 (2014). Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, American Concrete Institute.
40. China, Ministry of Construction of China (M.O.C.O) (2006). Technical Code for Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Structure, China Architecture & Building Press.
41. Compressive stress-strain model for low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer and heat-cured Portland cement concrete10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.07.004 ↗
42. Stress-strain curve for the design of high-strength concrete elements10.1007/BF02480659 ↗
43. Structural concrete using sintered flyash lightweight aggregate: A review10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.08.005 ↗
44. Engineering properties of inorganic polymer concretes (IPCs)10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.10.008 ↗
45. Effects of combined usage of GGBS and fly ash on workability and mechanical properties of alkali activated geopolymer concrete with recycled aggregate10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.11.067 ↗
46. China, Standardiztion Administration of China (S.A.C.) (2010). Code for Design of Concrete Structures, China Architecture & Building Press.
47. Development and characterization of fly ash-slag blended geopolymer mortar and lightweight concrete10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002209 ↗
48. Mechanical properties of high early strength class c fly Ash-Based alkali activated concrete10.1177/0361198120915892 ↗
49. Strength and microstructural properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete containing high-calcium and water-absorptive aggregate10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.058 ↗
50. (1990). CEB-FIP: Model Code 1990, European Concrete Association.