Mail Inspection Based on Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy
Source abstract
Abstract
One of the most prominent applications of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is the spectral investigation of materials covered by visibly opaque objects. Therefore, terahertz waves are well suited to inspect the content of mail. We report on our work on mail inspection in this spectral range including machine design, optical layouts, data analysis, and implementations.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Terahertz technology and applications · Spectroscopy and Laser Applications · Plant and animal studies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics ITWM, Fraunhofer-Platz 1, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
HÜBNER GmbH & Co. KG, HÜBNER Photonics, Heinrich-Hertz-Straße 2, 34123 Kassel, Germany
IANUS Simulation GmbH, Martin-Schmeißer-Weg 15, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
Lab for Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences, 47533 Kleve, Germany
Photonic Center Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
Department 2—Technics, Informatics and Industrial Engineering, TH Bingen, University of Applied Sciences, Berlinstraße 109, 55411 Bingen, Germany
References (41)
Show source-provided references
1. (2020, December 18). Dutch Letter-Bomb Blackmail Campaign Targets Companies. Available online: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51488862.
2. (2020, December 18). Briefbomben in London Entdeckt. Available online: https://www.prosieben.de/tv/newstime/panorama/briefbomben-in-london-entdeckt-103755.
3. (2020, December 18). Briefbomben-Attentäter Muss 20 Jahre in Haft. Available online: https://www.n-tv.de/panorama/Briefbomben-Attentaeter-muss-20-Jahre-in-Haft-article21188748.html.
4. (2020, December 18). Texas Explosions: ‘Serial Bomber’ Suspected in Austin Blasts. Available online: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43453237.
5. (2020, December 18). Paris IMF Letter Bomb That Injured One Was Sent from Greece. Available online: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-39292671.
6. (2020, December 18). Nach Detonation von Briefbomben: Erneut Explosion in Südchina. Available online: https://www.sueddeutsche.de/panorama/explosionen-nach-detonation-von-briefbomben-erneut-explosion-in-suedchina-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-151001-99-01585.
7. Terahertz Radiation Induces Spindle Disturbances in Human-Hamster Hybrid Cells10.1667/RR2406.1 ↗
8. Terahertz Radiation at 0.380 THz and 2.520 THz Does Not Lead to DNA Damage in Skin Cells In Vitro10.1667/RR3077.1 ↗
9. Nüßler, D., Heinen, S., Sprenger, T., Hübsch, D., and Würschmidt, T. (2013). T-SENSE a millimeter wave scanner for letters. SPIE Secur. Defence, 8900.10.1117/12.2029172 ↗
10. Non-destructive terahertz imaging of illicit drugs using spectral fingerprints10.1364/OE.11.002549 ↗
11. Terahertz Imaging For Drug Detection and Large-Scale Integrated Circuit Inspection10.1364/OPN.15.10.000034 ↗
12. Detection and identification of illicit drugs using terahertz imaging10.1063/1.2388041 ↗
13. Cutting-edge terahertz technology10.1038/nphoton.2007.3 ↗
14. Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy of Gases, Liquids, and Solids10.1002/cphc.201100158 ↗
15. Palka, N., Kowalski, M., Walczakowski, M., Szustakowski, M., Ciurapinski, W., Wrobel, J., Wrobel, J., Jodlowski, L., Rurka, E., and Sleiman, J.B. (2015, January 3–6). Terahertz detection of explosive materials and dangerous objects. Proceedings of the ATO ARW on THz Diagnostics of CBRN Effects and Detection of Explosives & CBRN, Izmir, Turkey.
16. Noninvasive Inspection of C-4 Explosive in Mails by Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy10.1143/JJAP.43.L414 ↗
17. Baaske, K., Salhi, M.A., Rutz, F., Hasek, T., Wilk, R., Richter, H., and Koch, M. (2006, January 19). Mail inspection using THz imaging: A comparison of three different systems. Proceedings of the Terahertz for Military and Security Applications IV, Orlando, FL, USA.10.1117/12.665238 ↗
18. Noninvasive Mail Inspection System with Terahertz Radiation10.1366/000370209787169713 ↗
19. Kemp, M. (2011, January 5). Screening Mail for Powders Using Terahertz Technology. Proceedings of the SPIE 8189, Optics and Photonics for Counterterrorism and Crime Fighting VII, Optical Materials in Defence Systems Technology VIII, and Quantum-Physics-Based Information Security, Prague, Czech Republic.10.1117/12.898093 ↗
20. Beigang, R., Biedron, S.G., Dyjak, S., Ellrich, F., Haakestad, M.W., Hübsch, D., Kartaloglu, T., Ozbay, E., Ospald, F., and Palka, N. (2014, January 21). Comparison of Terahertz Technologies for Detection and Identification of Explosives. Proceedings of the SPIE 9102, Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems VIII: Advanced Applications in Industry and Defense, Baltimore, MD, USA.10.1117/12.2050367 ↗
21. Non-destructive drug inspection in covering materials using a terahertz spectral imaging system with injection-seeded terahertz parametric generation and detection10.1364/OE.24.006425 ↗
22. New Ultra-Fast Sub-Terahertz Linear Scanner for Postal Security Screening10.1007/s10762-020-00692-4 ↗
23. (2020, October 31). Fast Terahertz Mail Scanner. Available online: https://unipress.waw.pl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1046%3Afast-terahertz-mail-scanner&catid=68%3Aproducts&Itemid=117&lang=en.
24. (2020, December 11). Terahertz Imaging for Mail and Parcel Screening. Available online: https://terasense.com/applications/terahertz-imaging-for-mail-and-parcel-screening/.
25. (2020, December 03). The T-COGNITION from HÜBNER. Available online: https://www.hubner-group.com/en/products/terahertz-technology/translate-to-english-t-cognition-von-huebner/.
26. Wohnsiedler, S., Theuer, M., Herrmann, M., Islam, S., Jonuscheit, J., Beigang, R., and Hase, F. (2009, January 12). Simulation and experiment of terahertz stand-off detection. Proceedings of the SPIE 7215, Terahertz Technology and Applications II, San Jose, CA, USA.10.1117/12.808871 ↗
27. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of water vapor10.1364/OL.14.001128 ↗
28. (2020, December 12). HITRANonline. Available online: https://hitran.org/.
29. Ellrich, F., Torosyan, G., Wohnsiedler, S., Bachtler, S., Hachimi, A., Jonuscheit, J., Beigang, R., Platte, F., Nalpantidis, K., and Sprenger, T. (2012, January 23–28). Chemometric tools for analysing Terahertz fingerprints in a postscanner. Proceedings of the 2012 37th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2012.6380158 ↗
30. Jonuscheit, J., Torosyan, G., Ellrich, F., Wohnsiedler, S., Herrmann, M., Beigang, R., Platte, F., Nalpantidis, K., Heise, M., and Sprenger, T. (2012, January 6–7). Chemometric methods for the evaluation of Terahertz spectra in a mail screening system. Proceedings of the Workshop on Terahertz Technology—International Forum on Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
31. Jonuscheit, J., Torosyan, G., Ellrich, F., Wohnsiedler, S., Herrmann, M., Beigang, R., Platte, F., Nalpantidis, K., Heise, M., and Sprenger, T. (2012, January 23–27). Evaluation of terahertz spectra using chemometric methods. Proceedings of the SPIE Defense, Security, Sensing Symp, Baltimore, MD, USA.
32. Beigang, R., Ellrich, F., Molter, D., Jonuscheit, J., Platte, F., Nalpantidis, K., Sprenger, T., Hübsch, D., and Würschmidt, T. (2013, January 23–26). Automated detection and identification of illegal drugs and explosives using terahertz time domain spectroscopy. Proceedings of the SPIE Remote Sensing and SPIE Security&Defence, Dresden, Germany.
33. Ellrich, F., Molter, D., Jonuscheit, J., von Freymann, G., Beigang, R., Platte, F., Nalpantidis, K., Sprenger, T., Hübsch, D., and Würschmidt, T. (2014, January 5). Innovative evaluation methods for terahertz-spectra by combining different chemometric tools. Proceedings of the SPIE—Photonics West [8985-23], San Francisco, CA, USA.
34. Ellrich, F., Molter, D., Jonuscheit, J., Von Freymann, G., Beigang, R., Platte, F., Nalpantidis, K., Sprenger, T., Hübsch, D., and Fredebeul, C. (2014, January 8–13). Multi-step pattern-recognition: A powerful tool for substance identification based on real-world terahertz-spectra. Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)-Laser Science to Photonic Applications, San Jose, CA, USA.10.1364/CLEO_SI.2014.SF1F.6 ↗
35. Van Der Heijden, F., Duin, R., De Ridder, D., and Tax, D. (2004). Classification, Parameter Estimation and State Estimation: An Engineering Approach Using MATLAB ®, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.10.1002/0470090154 ↗
36. Ellrich, F., Molter, D., Platte, F., Fredebeul, C., and Nalpantidis, K. (2015). Verfahren zur Spektrometrie und Spektrometer. (DE102014100662), German Patent.
37. Molter, D., Ellrich, F., Hübsch, D., and Sprenger, T. (2015). Verfahren zur Spektrometrie und Spektrometer. (DE102014101302), German Patent.
38. Ellrich, F., Molter, D., Krimi, S., Jonuscheit, J., Von Freymann, G., Platte, F., Fredebeul, C., Nalpantidis, K., Hübsch, D., and Würschmidt, T. (2014, January 14–19). Improved Substance Identification by Suppression of Multiple-Reflection-Induced Spectral Noise. Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), Tucson, AZ, USA.10.1109/IRMMW-THz.2014.6956289 ↗
39. Ellrich, F., Molter, D., Krimi, S., Jonuscheit, J., von Freymann, G., Platte, F., Fredebeul, C., Nalpantidis, K., Hübsch, D., and Würschmidt, T. (2015, January 12). Multiple-Angle Approach for Enhanced Terahertz Spectroscopic Pattern Recognition. Proceedings of the SPIE—Photonics West [9362-30], San Francisco, CA, USA.
40. Molter, D., and Ellrich, F. (2019). Spectrometry and Spectrometer Methods. (DE102014113354), German Patent.
41. Ellrich, F., Molter, D., Jonuscheit, J., von Freymann, G., Schubert, M., Hübsch, D., and Sprenger, T. (2016, January 17). Terahertz imaging and spectroscopy for detection and identification of drugs and explosives in letters and small packages. Proceedings of the SPIE—Photonics West [9747-35], San Francisco, CA, USA.