Receiver Integration with Arrayed Waveguide Gratings toward Multi-Wavelength Data-Centric Communications and Computing
Source abstract
Abstract
This paper reviews receivers that feature low-loss multimode-output arrayed waveguide gratings (MM-AWGs) for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) as well as hybrid integration techniques with high-speed throughput of up to 100 Gb/s and beyond. A design of optical coupling between higher-order multimode beams and a photodiode for a flat-top spectral shape is described in detail. The WDM photoreceivers were fabricated with different approaches. A 10-Gb/s photoreceiver was developed for a 1.25-Gb/s baud rate and assembled for eight-channel WDM by mechanical alignment. A receiver with 40-Gb/s throughput was built by using visual alignment for a 10-Gb/s baud rate and four-channel WDM. A 100-Gb/s receiver assembled by active alignment with a four-channel by 25-Gb/s baud rate is the basis for beyond-100 Gb/s and future multi-wavelength integrated devices toward data-centric communications and computing.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Photonic and Optical Devices · Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors · Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
NTT Device Innovation Center, NTT Corporation, 3–1 Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
References (41)
Show source-provided references
1. New Focusing and Dispersive Planar Component Based on an Optical Phased Array10.1049/el:19880260 ↗
2. Arrayed-waveguide grating for wavelength division multi/demultiplexer with nanometre resolution10.1049/el:19900058 ↗
3. An N × N optical multiplexer using a planar arrangement of two star couplers10.1109/68.84502 ↗
4. Silica-based planar lightwave circuits10.1109/2944.736076 ↗
5. Hida, Y., Hibino, Y., Kitoh, T., Inoue, Y., Itoh, M., Shibata, T., Sugita, A., and Himeno, A. (2001, January 17–22). 400-channel 25-GHz spacing arrayed-waveguide grating covering a full range of C- and L-bands. Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Anaheim, CA, USA.10.1364/OFC.2001.WB2 ↗
6. 1-GHz-spaced 16-channel arrayed-waveguide grating for a wavelength reference standard in DWDM network systems10.1109/JLT.2002.1007939 ↗
7. (2020, November 19). ITU-T G.694.1, Spectral Grids for WDM Applications: DWDM Frequency Grid. Available online: https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.694.1/en.
8. Athermal silica-based arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexer10.1049/el:19971317 ↗
9. Heise, G., Schneider, H., and Clemens, P. (1998, January 20–24). Optical Phased Array Filter Module with Passively Compensated Temperature Dependence. Proceedings of the European Conference on Optical Communication, Madrid, Spain.
10. 64-channel ultra-low crosstalk arrayed-waveguide grating multi/demultiplexer module using cascade connection technique10.1049/el:20030072 ↗
11. (2020, November 19). Cisco Systems. Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Trends, 2017–2022. Available online: https://www.cisco.com/c/ja_jp/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white-paper-c11-741490.html.
12. The chips are down for Moore’s law10.1038/530144a ↗
13. IOWN Global Forum (2020, April 20). Innovative Optical and Wireless Network Global Forum Vision 2030 and Technical Directions. Available online: https://iowngf.org/white-papers/.
14. Flat and high responsivity CWDM photoreceiver using silica-based AWG with multimode output waveguides10.1049/el:20031010 ↗
15. Doi, Y., Ohyama, T., Hashimoto, T., Kamei, S., Ohki, A., Ishii, M., Yanagisawa, M., and Mino, S. (2004, January 16–21). A coarse-WDM transmitter/receiver for 10 Gb/s × 4ch interconnection using a silica-based planar lightwave. Proceedings of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, San Francisco, CA, USA.
16. Yoshimatsu, T., Nada, M., Oguma, M., Yokoyama, H., Ohno, T., Doi, Y., Ogawa, I., and Yoshida, E. (2012, January 16–20). Compact and high-sensitivity 100-Gb/s (4 × 25 Gb/s) APD-ROSA with a LAN-WDM PLC demultiplexer. Proceedings of the European Conference on Optical Communication, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.10.1364/ECEOC.2012.Th.3.B.5 ↗
17. Doi, Y., Oguma, M., Ito, M., Ogawa, I., Yoshimatsu, T., Ohno, T., Yoshida, E., and Takahashi, H. (2013, January 4–8). Compact ROSA for 100-Gb/s (4 × 25 Gb/s) ethernet with a PLC-based AWG demultiplexer. Proceedings of the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, Los Angeles, CA, USA.10.1364/NFOEC.2013.NW1J.5 ↗
18. Nakanishi, Y., Ohno, T., Yoshimatsu, T., Doi, Y., Nakajima, F., Muramoto, Y., and Sanjoh, H. (July, January 28). 4 × 28 Gbaud PAM4 integrated ROSA with high-sensitivity APD. Proceedings of the 2015 Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference (OECC), Shanghai, China.10.1109/OECC.2015.7340295 ↗
19. Doi, Y., Ohyama, T., Yoshimatsu, T., Soma, S., and Oguma, M. (2014, January 9–13). 400 GbE Demonstration Utilizing 100 GbE Optical Sub-Assemblies and Cyclic Arrayed Waveguide Gratings. Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference, San Francisco, CA, USA.10.1364/OFC.2014.M2E.2 ↗
20. Doi, Y., Ohyama, T., Nakanishi, Y., Yoshimatsu, T., Soma, S., Yamazaki, H., and Oguma, M. (2015, January 22–25). Bidirectional 400-Gb/s transmission by 100 GbE Optical Sub-Assemblies and a Cyclic Arrayed Waveguide Grating. Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Los Angeles, CA, USA.10.1364/OFC.2015.Th1G.5 ↗
21. Doi, Y., Nakanishi, Y., Yoshimatsu, T., Ohno, T., and Sanjo, H. (October, January 27). Compact 8-wavelength receiver optical sub-assembly with a low-loss AWG demultiplexer for 400-gigabit datacom. Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), Valencia, Spain.10.1109/ECOC.2015.7341911 ↗
22. Flat spectral response arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexer with parabolic waveguide horns10.1049/el:19961108 ↗
23. Compact and low-loss integrated box-like passband multiplexer10.1109/LPT.2003.813429 ↗
24. Kamei, S., Kitoh, T., Goh, T., Mori, A., and Takahashi, H. (2009, January 20–24). Low-loss, wide and low-ripple passband arrayed-waveguide grating with tandem MZI-synchronized configuration. Proceedings of the 35th European Conference on Optical Communication, Vienna, Austria.
25. (2020, November 19). IEEE 802.3ba-2010, 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s Ethernet. Available online: http://www.ieee802.org/3/ba/.
26. (2020, November 19). IEEE 802.3bs-2017, 200 Gb/s and 400 Gb/s Ethernet. Available online: http://www.ieee802.org/3/bs/.
27. Tangdiongga, G.E., Lim, T.G., Li, J., Tan, C.W., Ramana, P.V., Chai, Y.Y., Maruo, S., and Lau, J.H.-S. (2008). Optical design of 4-channel TOSA/ROSA for CWDM applications. Integr. Optoelectron. Devices, 6899.10.1117/12.764238 ↗
28. Analysis of dimensional tolerance for an optical demultiplexer of a highly alignment tolerant 4 × 25 Gb/s ROSA module10.1364/OE.22.004307 ↗
29. Phased-array wavelength demultiplexer with flattened wavelength response10.1049/el:19940249 ↗
30. Kamei, S., Doi, Y., Hida, Y., Inoue, Y., Suzuki, S., and Okamoto, K. (2004, January 22–25). Low-loss and flat/wide-passband CWDM demultiplexer using silica-based AWG with multi-mode output waveguides. Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
31. Vector Finite Difference Modesolver for Anisotropic Dielectric Waveguides10.1109/JLT.2008.923643 ↗
32. Responsivity-Bandwidth Limit of Avalanche Photodiodes: Toward Future Ethernet Systems10.1109/JSTQE.2017.2754361 ↗
33. (2020, November 19). OIF-VSR5-01.0—Very Short Reach Interface Level 5 (VSR-5). Available online: https://www.oiforum.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/OIF-VSR5-01.0.pdf.
34. Silica-based, compact and variable-optical-attenuator integrated coherent receiver with stable optoelectronic coupling system10.1364/OE.20.027174 ↗
35. Nada, M., Kanazawa, S., Yamazaki, H., Nakanishi, Y., Kobayashi, W., Doi, Y., Ohyama, T., Ohno, T., Takahata, K., and Hashimoto, T. (2015, January 22–26). High-linearity Avalanche Photodiode for 40-km Transmission with 28-Gbaud PAM4. Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Los Angeles, CA, USA.10.1364/OFC.2015.M3C.2 ↗
36. (2020, November 19). QSFP-DD MSA. Available online: http://www.qsfp-dd.com/.
37. (2020, November 19). OSFP MSA. Available online: https://osfpmsa.org/.
38. Compact Hybrid-Integrated 100-Gb/s TOSA Using EADFB Laser Array and AWG Multiplexer10.1109/LPT.2015.2514108 ↗
39. Kanazawa, S., Shindo, T., Chen, M., Fujiwara, N., Nada, M., Yoshimatsu, T., Kanda, A., Nakanishi, Y., Nakajima, F., and Sano, K. (2020, January 10–12). High Output Power and Compact LAN-WDM EADFB Laser TOSA for 4 × 100-Gbit/s/λ 40-km Fiber-Amplifier-Less Transmission. Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference, San Diego, CA, USA.10.1364/OFC.2020.M1F.2 ↗
40. Taniguchi, H., Yamamoto, S., Kisaka, Y., Kanazawa, S., Yoshimatsu, T., Ishikawa, Y., and Mizuno, K. (2020, January 10–12). 84-GBaud/λ PAM-4 Transmission over 20-km using 4-λ LAN-WDM TOSA and ROSA with MLSE Based on Nonlinear Channel Estimation. Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference, San Diego, CA, USA.10.1364/OFC.2020.T3I.2 ↗
41. Kanda, A., Yoshimatsu, T., Nada, M., Kanazawa, S., Nakanishi, Y., Nakajima, F., Matsuzaki, H., and Sano, K. (2020, January 4–8). 400-Gbit/s High-Sensitivity APD-ROSA for 4λ LAN-WDM 40-km Optical Link. Proceedings of the 2020 Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference, Taipei, Taiwan.10.1109/OECC48412.2020.9273695 ↗