Experimental Investigations of the Strengthening Effects of CFRP for Thin-Walled Storage Tanks under Dynamic Loads
Source abstract
Abstract
In this study, the strengthening effects of different lamination conditions on carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) for thin-walled storage tanks (TSTs) subjected to internal pressure under dynamic loads were experimentally investigated. A total of three small-scale models of TSTs were used for the investigation, including non-strengthened specimens, specimens strengthened with 0° CFRP layers, and specimens strengthened with 0°/90° CFRP layers. There were two types of tests for every specimen: the static and dynamic tests. A new experimental method using small steel balls was applied to create internal pressure in the TSTs. The results show that small steel balls could be used to increase the internal pressure compared to a normal liquid. Furthermore, the similarity rules for small-scale TSTs with small steel balls inside were also studied to consider the applicability of the models. The experimental results indicated that the CFRP layer could effectively restrain both static and dynamic hoop strains in the TSTs. Moreover, the CFRP layer could also remarkably reduce the impact of sloshing on the TST shells. The 0° CFRP layer proved to have better effects than the 0°/90° CFRP layers on the strengthening of the TSTs against dynamic loads.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete · Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions · Structural Response to Dynamic Loads
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Technology and Education-The University of Danang, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
Department of Architecture, National Institute of Technology, Yonago College, Tottori 683-8502, Japan
Funding
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
References (44)
Show source-provided references
1. Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) (2012). Reconnaissance Report on the 2010 Chile Off Maule Earthquake and Reconnaissance report on the 2011 New Zealand Christchurch Earthquake, Architectural Institute of Japan.
2. Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) (2012). Preliminary Reconnaissance Report of the 2011 Tohoku-Chiho Taiheiyo-Oki Earthquake, Architectural Institute of Japan.
3. American Lifelines Alliance (2001). Seismic Fragility Formulations for Water Systems, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). ASCE, Part1-Guideline, Part-2 Appendices.
4. Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) (2010). Design Recommendation for Storage Tanks and Their Supports, Architectural Institute of Japan.
5. Abbas, M. (2012). Recent Advances in Seismic Response Analysis of Cylindrical Liquid Storage Tanks. Earthquake-Resistant Structures - Design, Assessment and Rehabilitation, InTechOpen.
6. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (1968). Buckling of Thin-walled Circular Cylinders, NASA. NASA Space Vehicle Design Criteria, NASA SP-8007.
7. Buckling of thin shells: Recent advances and trends10.1115/1.3101927 ↗
8. Moghaddam, H., and Sangi, S. (2011, January 26–27). Elephant’s Foot Buckling of Cylindrical Steel Storage Tanks Subjected to Earthquake Excitation. Proceedings of the 6th National Congress on Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
9. Shih, C.F. (1981). Failure of Liquid Storage Tanks due to Earthquake Excitation, Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory – California Institution of Technology.
10. Seismic behavior of cylindrical steel storage tanks10.1016/S0143-974X(99)00039-5 ↗
11. Dynamic buckling of anchored steel tanks subjected to horizontal earthquake excitation10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.10.001 ↗
12. Xiao, T.L., Qui, H.X., and Li, J.L. (2018). Seismic Behaviors of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Steel-FRP Composite Bars under Quasi-Static Loading. Appl. Sci., 8.10.3390/app8101913 ↗
13. Guo, R., Cai, L., Hino, S., and Wang, B. (2019). Experimental Study on Shear Strengthening of RC Beams with an FRP Grid-PCM Reinforcement Layer. Appl. Sci., 9.10.3390/app9152984 ↗
14. Lee, K.S., Lee, B.Y., and Seo, S.Y. (2016). A Seismic Strengthening Technique for Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Sprayed FRP. Polymers, 8.10.3390/polym8040107 ↗
15. RC Columns Strengthened with Novel CFRP Systems: An Experimental Study10.3390/polym7101499 ↗
16. State-of-the-art review on FRP strengthened steel structures10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.10.006 ↗
17. FRP for structural rehabilitation: A survey of recent progress10.1002/1528-2716(200004/06)2:2<133::AID-PSE16>3.0.CO;2-C ↗
18. Enhancing stability of structural steel sections using FRP10.1016/j.tws.2008.10.007 ↗
19. Strengthening of a steel bridge girder using CFRP plates10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2001)6:6(514) ↗
20. FRP materials for the rehabilitation of tubular steel structures for underwater applications10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.05.029 ↗
21. Cadei, J.M.C., Stratford, T.J., Hollaway, L.C., and Duckett, W.H. (2004). C595-Strengthening Metallic Structures Using Externally Bonded Fiber-reinforced Composites, CIRIA.10.1533/9781845690649.7.693 ↗
22. Design of short CFRP-reinforced steel tubular columns10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.09.005 ↗
23. Al-Azzawi, Z., Stratford, T., Rotter, M., and Bisby, L. (2015, January 28–30). FRP Shear Strengthening of Thin-Walled Plate Girder Web Panels Subjected to Cyclic Loading. Proceedings of the PROTECT 2015, East Lansing, MI, USA.
24. Al-Azzawi, Z., Stratford, T., Rotter, M., and Bisby, L. (2015, January 9–11). Buckling Strength of Slender Steel Plates Stiffened with Corrugated FRP Panels. Proceedings of the ACIC 2015, Cambridge, UK.
25. Experimental testing on CFRP strengthened thin steel plates under shear loading10.1016/j.tws.2016.09.026 ↗
26. Axial capacity and design of thin-walled steel SHS strengthened with CFRP10.1016/j.tws.2008.10.006 ↗
27. Strengthening metallic cylindrical shells against elephant’s foot buckling with FRP10.1016/j.tws.2008.10.012 ↗
28. Batikha, M. (2008). Strengthening of Thin Metallic Cylindrical Shells Using Fiber Reinforced Polymers. [Ph.D. Thesis, The University of Edinburgh].
29. Elephant foot buckling and retrofitting of steel thin walled cylindrical shells using FRP composite materials
30. Effects of CFRP reinforcements on the buckling behavior of thin-walled steel cylinders under compression10.1142/S0219455412004665 ↗
31. Matsumoto, Y., Matsui, T., Nakamura, H., Tsujioka, A., Hasegawa, C., Matsuura, S., and Endo, Y. (2015, January 14–16). Compressive characteristics of thin-walled steel cylinder strengthened by CFRP. Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Reinforced Concrete Structures & the 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Structures, Nanjing, China.
32. The Effects of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strengthening on Cylindrical Steel Storage Tanks under Bending Shear Load10.1088/1757-899X/371/1/012025 ↗
33. (2020, April 04). High-Performance Carbon Fiber Torayca, Torayca Cloth. Available online: https://www.torayca.com/en/download/pdf/cloth.pdf.
34. Mechanical behavior of CFRP on steel surface molded and bonded by vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding technology10.1007/s42452-019-0603-4 ↗
35. Kaw, K.A. (2006). Mechanics of Composite Materials, CRC Taylor & Francis.10.1201/9781420058291 ↗
36. American Petroleum Institute (2012). API 650: Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage, American Petroleum Institute-195.132(b)(3).
37. ITTC-Recommended Procedures and Guidelines (2017). ITTC Quality System Manual-Recommended Procedures and Guidelines – Sloshing Model Tank, ITTC.
38. Scale effects in physical hydraulic engineering models10.1080/00221686.2011.578914 ↗
39. Simple Procedure for Seismic Analysis of Liquid-Storage Tanks10.2749/101686600780481509 ↗
40. Cost-effective bridge girder strengthening using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM)10.1163/1568551042580163 ↗
41. Bending strength of CFRP laminated adhesive joints fabricated by vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.08.041 ↗
42. Fabrication of high quality composites laminates by pressurized and heated-VARTM10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.08.017 ↗
43. (2020, April 04). SPT3D Series [3-Axis Simultaneous Seismic Shaking Table], San-Esu Co, Ltd., Japan. Available online: http://www.san-esu.com/product040.html.
44. (2020, April 04). Multi-Channel Dynamic Strainmeter DS-50A, Tokyo Measuring Instruments Laboratory Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. Available online: https://tml.jp/e/product/instrument/digitaltype.html.