journal article·2020-02-05Open access

Pretreatment Method for DNA Barcoding to Analyze Gut Contents of Rotifers

Hye-Ji Oh, Paul Henning Krogh, Hyun-Gi Jeong, Gea-Jae Joo, Ihn-Sil Kwak, Sun-Jin Hwang, Jeong-Soo Gim, Kwang-Hyeon Chang, Hyunbin Jo

Applied Sciences· Volume 10· Issue 3

Abstract

We designed an experiment to analyze the gut content of Rotifera based on DNA barcoding and tested it on Asplanchna sp. in order to ensure that the DNA extracted from the rotifer species is from the food sources within the gut. We selected ethanol fixation (60%) to minimize the inflow effects of treated chemicals, and commercial bleach (the final concentration of 2.5%, for 210 s) to eliminate the extracellular DNA without damage to the lorica. Rotifers have different lorica structures and thicknesses. Therefore, we chose a pretreatment method based on Asplanchna sp., which is known to have weak durability. When we used the determined method on a reservoir water sample, we confirmed that the DNA fragments of Chlorophyceae, Diatomea, Cyanobacteria, and Ciliophora were removed. Given this result, Diatomea and cyanobacteria, detected from Asplanchna, can be considered as gut contents. However, bacteria were not removed by bleach, thus there was still insufficient information. Since the results of applying commercial bleach to rotifer species confirmed that pretreatment worked effectively for some species of rotifers food sources, in further studies, it is believed to be applicable to the gut contents analysis of more diverse rotifers species and better DNA analysis techniques by supplementing more rigorous limitations.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies · Identification and Quantification in Food · Isotope Analysis in Ecology

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea

Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark

Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Goryeong 40103

Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea

Faculty of Marine Technology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea

Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea

Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea

References (56)

Show source-provided references
1. Complex interactions in microbial food webs: stoichiometric and functional approaches10.23818/limn.25.15 ↗
2. Wallace, R.L., Snell, T.W., Claudia, R., and Thomas, N. (2006). Rotifera vol. 1: Biology, Ecology and Systematics, Backhuys. [2nd ed.].
3. Dampened copepod-mediated trophic cascades in a microzooplakton-dominated microbial food web: a mesocosm Study10.1002/lno.10483 ↗
4. Survey of rotifers to evaluate the water quality of the river Gadhi and its reservoir
5. Neto, G., José, A., Silva, L.C.D., Saggio, A.A., and Rocha, O. (2014). Zooplankton communities as eutrophication bioindicators in tropical reservoirs. Biota Neotropica, 14.10.1590/1676-06032014001814 ↗
6. Trophic coupling of the microbial and the classical food web in Lake Baikal, Siberia10.1111/fwb.13201 ↗
7. Comparison of taxon-based and trophi-based response patterns of rotifers community to water quality: applicability of the rotifer functional group as an indicator of water quality10.1080/19768354.2017.1292952 ↗
8. Differences in particle size-dependent feeding efficiencies of closely related rotifer species10.4319/lo.1990.35.1.0016 ↗
9. Gilbert, J.J., Lubzens, E., and Miracle, M.R. (1993). Rotifers as predators on components of the microbial web (bacteria, heterotrophic flagellates, ciliates)—a review. Rotifer Symposium VI., Springer.10.1007/978-94-011-1606-0 ↗
10. Impact of natural metazooplankton assemblage on planktonic microbial communities in a newly flooded reservoir10.1093/plankt/21.1.179 ↗
11. Reproductive success of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus feeding on ciliates and flagellates of different trophic modes10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00929.x ↗
12. Rotifer fecundity in relation to components of microbial food web in a eutrophic reservoir10.1023/B:HYDR.0000008516.19947.a6 ↗
13. Food and feeding habits of Rotifera
14. Biological identifications through DNA barcodes10.1098/rspb.2002.2218 ↗
15. The ecology of environmental DNA and implications for conservation genetics10.1007/s10592-015-0775-4 ↗
16. DNA barcodes for ecology, evolution, and conservation10.1016/j.tree.2014.10.008 ↗
17. Molecular identification of prey in predator diets10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01471.x ↗
18. Utilization of stomach content DNA to determine diet diversity in piscivorous fishes10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.02925.x ↗
19. Application of DNA barcoding for identification of freshwater carnivorous fish diets: Is number of prey items dependent on size class for Micropterus salmoides?10.1002/ece3.921 ↗
20. Discovering hidden biodiversity: the use of complementary monitoring of fish diet based on DNA barcoding in freshwater ecosystems10.1002/ece3.1825 ↗
21. A DNA-based method for investigating feeding by copepod nauplii10.1093/plankt/fbt104 ↗
22. DNA-based study of the diet of the marine calanoid copepod Calanus sinicus10.1016/j.jembe.2017.04.004 ↗
23. Soft bodies, hard jaws: an introduction to the symposium, with rotifers as models of jaw diversity10.1093/icb/icv002 ↗
24. Yin, X., Jin, W., Zhou, Y., Wang, P., and Zhao, W. (2017). Hidden defensive morphology in rotifers, benefits, costs, and fitness consequences. Sci. Rep., 7.10.1038/s41598-017-04809-z ↗
25. Use of psoralen as extinguisher of contaminated DNA in PCR10.1093/nar/18.22.6739 ↗
26. Genetic variation in the New World: ancient teeth, bone, and tissue as sources of DNA10.1007/BF01921730 ↗
27. Lack of founding Amerindian mitochondrial DNA lineages in extinct aborigines from Tierra del Fuego-Patagonia10.1093/hmg/6.1.41 ↗
28. mtDNA analysis of a prehistoric Oneota population: implications for the peopling of the New World10.1086/301838 ↗
29. Ancient DNA analysis of human populations10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200001)111:1<5::AID-AJPA2>3.0.CO;2-3 ↗
30. Ancient mitochondrial DNA evidence for prehistoric population movement: The Numic expansion10.1002/ajpa.1051 ↗
31. Authenticating ancient human mitochondrial DNA10.1353/hub.2001.0069 ↗
32. Removal of free extracellular DNA from environmental samples by ethidium monoazide and propidium monoazide10.1128/AEM.02288-07 ↗
33. Removing external DNA contamination from arthropod predators destined for molecular gut-content analysis10.1111/j.1755-0998.2012.03112.x ↗
34. Disinfection, sterilization, and antisepsis: An overview10.1016/j.ajic.2015.10.038 ↗
35. Herbivory versus omnivory: linking homeostasis and elemental imbalance in copepod development10.1093/plankt/fbq077 ↗
36. Predator-prey behavior and its effect on rotifer survival in associations of Mesocyclops edax, Asplanchna girodi, Polyarthra vulgaris, and Keratella cochlearis10.1007/BF00349987 ↗
37. Estimating occupancy and abundance of stream amphibians using environmental DNA from filtered water samples10.1139/cjfas-2013-0047 ↗
38. Seasonal dynamics of heterotrophic and plastidic protists in the water column of Lake Biwa, Japan10.3354/ame01843 ↗
39. The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA-coding regions10.1016/0378-1119(88)90066-2 ↗
40. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.010.1093/bioinformatics/btm404 ↗
41. Basic local alignment search tool10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2 ↗
42. New design strategy for development of specific primer sets for PCR-based detection of Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae in environmental samples10.1128/AEM.00509-09 ↗
43. Barcoding diatoms: evaluation of the V4 subregion on the 18S rRNA gene including new primers and protocols10.1007/s13127-011-0050-6 ↗
44. Cyanobacterial diversity in natural and artificial microbial mats of Lake Fryxell (McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica): a morphological and molecular approach10.1128/AEM.69.9.5157-5169.2003 ↗
45. 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study10.1128/jb.173.2.697-703.1991 ↗
46. The genetic diversity of bacterial communities in the groundwater
47. Cultivation-independent analysis reveals a shift in ciliate 18S rRNA gene diversity in a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-polluted soil10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00387.x ↗
48. Feeding habits of omnivorous Asplanchna: comparison of diet composition among Asplanchna herricki, A. priodonta and A. girodi in pond ecosystems10.4081/jlimnol.2010.209 ↗
49. Gilbert, J.J., Lubzens, E., and Miracle, M.R. (1993). Biochemical studies on Brachionus plicatilis: hydrolytic enzymes, integument proteins and composition of trophi. Rotifer Symposium VI., Springer.10.1007/978-94-011-1606-0 ↗
50. Effects of heat treatment on the nutritional quality of milk: II. destruction of microorganisms in milk by heat treatment10.22424/jmsb.2017.35.1.055 ↗
51. Streptomyces neyagawaensis as a control for the hazardous biomass of Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria) in eutrophic freshwaters10.1016/j.biocontrol.2005.03.007 ↗
52. Lysis of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (Cyanobacterium) by a bacterium Bacillus cereus10.1016/j.biocontrol.2006.06.011 ↗
53. Are bacteria an important food source for rotifers in eutrophic lakes?10.1093/plankt/19.8.1125 ↗
54. Revisions to the classification, nomenclature, and diversity of eukaryotes10.1111/jeu.12691 ↗
55. Role of diatom-attached choanoflagellates of the genus Salpingoeca as pelagic bacterivores10.3354/ame036257 ↗
56. Fungal parasites of a toxic inedible cyanobacterium provide food to zooplankton10.1002/lno.10945 ↗