Evaluation of Technical Constraints Management in a Microgrid Based on Thermal Storage Applications by Modeling with OpenDSS
Source abstract
Abstract
Technical constraints to be faced in microgrids have become more frequent with high renewable integration. In this context, Thermal Energy Storage (TES) has emerged as a promising solution to enable consumers’ flexibility to contribute to the solution of such operational issues. This paper examines the integration of the novel system ECHO-TES (a Thermal Energy Storage System developed within the European Project ECHO) in microgrids to address technical constraints, utilizing OpenDSS and Python simulations. Building on that, the Efficient Compact Modular Transaction Simulation System (ECHO-TSS) adds a layer of virtual automated transactions, coordinating multiple ECHO-TES assets to simulate not only energy flows and electricity consumption, but also the associated economic interactions. The study explores the critical role of TES in enhancing microgrid efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability, particularly when coupled with renewable energy sources. By analyzing diverse demand scenarios, the research aims to assess its impact on grid stability and management. The paper highlights the importance of advanced modeling tools like OpenDSS in simulating complex microgrid operations, including the dynamic behavior of TES systems. It also investigates demand-side management strategies and the potential of TES to mitigate challenges associated with renewable energy variability. The findings contribute to the development of robust, adaptive microgrid systems and support the global transition towards sustainable energy infrastructure.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Microgrid Control and Optimization · Integrated Energy Systems Optimization · Smart Grid Energy Management
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Institute for Energy Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Institute of Information and Communication Technologies (ITACA), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
Grupo Enercoop, Calle Corazon de Jesus, 17, 03330 Crevillent, Spain
Funding
the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme within the ECHO project
References (46)
Show source-provided references
1. (2025, July 29). ECHO Project. Available online: https://echo-euproject.eu.
2. Evaluating the behaviour of a composite of CaCl2 and vermiculite for thermochemical adsorption energy storage: Experimental tests during the charging and discharging phases10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125311 ↗
3. Brunelli, L., Borri, E., Pisello, A.L., Nicolini, A., Mateu, C., and Cabeza, L.F. (2024). Thermal Energy Storage in Energy Communities: A Perspective Overview through a Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability, 16.10.3390/su16145895 ↗
4. EUReCA: An open-source urban building energy modelling tool for the efficient evaluation of cities energy demand10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.144 ↗
5. Carvajal, A., and García-Colón, V.R. (2003, January 24–26). High capacity motors on-line diagnosis based on ultra wide band partial discharge detection. Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives, Atlanta, GA, USA.
6. Sain, C.G. (2025, July 29). Ideals. Available online: https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/111912.
7. Comparative performance analysis of microchannel flat tube heat exchangers in thermochemical energy storage systems for water heating10.1016/j.energy.2024.134102 ↗
8. Impact of Thermal Stores on Multi-Energy Microgrids with Multi-Layer Dynamic Control Architecture10.1016/j.segan.2025.101667 ↗
9. Lv, G., Ji, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, J., Chen, J., and Nie, Y. (2023). Optimization of building microgrid energy system based on virtual energy storage. Front. Energy Res., 10.10.3389/fenrg.2022.1053498 ↗
10. Oná-Ayécaba, A.O., Rodríguez-García, J., Alcázar-Ortega, M., and Álvarez-Bel, C. (2024, January 27–29). Design of a dynamic Local Energy Market for Smart Grids. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid), Setúbal, Portugal.10.1109/icSmartGrid61824.2024.10578269 ↗
11. Kounev, V., Tipper, D., Levesque, M., Grainger, B.M., Mcdermott, T., and Reed, G.F. (2015, January 13). A microgrid co-simulation framework. Proceedings of the Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES), Seattle, WA, USA.10.1109/MSCPES.2015.7115398 ↗
12. Lamanna, C., Oná-Ayécaba, A.O., Montuori, L., Alcázar-Ortega, M., and Rodríguez-García, J. (2025). Design of a Methodology to Evaluate the Energy Flexibility of Residential Consumers to Enhance Household Demand Side Management: The Case of a Spanish Municipal Network. Appl. Sci., 15.10.3390/app15147827 ↗
13. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Microgrid Initiative10.1016/j.tej.2012.09.013 ↗
14. Application of a microgrid with renewables for a water treatment plant10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.07.097 ↗
15. A review of solar photovoltaic technologies10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.032 ↗
16. A review of technologies, key drivers, and outstanding issues10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.040 ↗
17. Peak shaving in distribution networks using stationary energy storage systems: A Swiss case study10.1016/j.segan.2023.101018 ↗
18. An initialization-free distributed algorithm for dynamic economic dispatch problems in microgrid: Modeling, optimization and analysis10.1016/j.segan.2023.101004 ↗
19. A two-stage management strategy for the optimal operation and billing in an energy community with collective self-consumption10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118484 ↗
20. Maximizing self-consumption rates and power quality towards two-stage evaluation for solar energy and shared energy storage empowered microgrids10.1016/j.est.2022.104561 ↗
21. A collaborative voltage optimization utilizing flexibility of community heating systems for high PV penetration10.1016/j.energy.2021.120989 ↗
22. Week-ahead dispatching of active distribution networks using hybrid energy storage systems10.1016/j.segan.2024.101500 ↗
23. A Review on Thermal Energy Modelling for Optimal Microgrids Management10.3390/thermo1010006 ↗
24. Montenegro, R., Dugan, R., Taylor, J., and McGranaghan, M. (2022, January 4–5). Open-source software projects for advancing the power systems analysis. Proceedings of the Open Source Modelling and Simulation of Energy Systems (OSMSES), Aachen, Germany.10.1109/OSMSES54027.2022.9768968 ↗
25. Electric Power Industry: Operational and Public Policy Challenges and Opportunities
26. OPENDSS aplicado al modelamiento y simulación dinámica de microrredes10.14483/22484728.13994 ↗
27. Cohn, L. (2025, July 30). Testing Long-Duration Energy Storage in Microgrids for Military and Native Lands Applications. Available online: https://www.microgridknowledge.com/energy-storage/article/55094025/testing-long-duration-energy-storage-in-microgrids-for-military-and-native-lands-applications.
28. Ciftci, O. (2025, July 30). LSU Scholarly Repository. Available online: https://repository.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4351/.
29. Chen, J. (2023). Optimize configuration of multi-energy storage system in a standalone microgrid. Front. Energy Res., 11.10.3389/fenrg.2023.1283859 ↗
30. Microgrid resilience: A holistic approach for assessing threats, identifying10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114726 ↗
31. Strategic offering for a wind power producer10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2273276 ↗
32. Demand response and smart grids—A survey10.1016/j.rser.2013.10.022 ↗
33. Planning of grid integrated distributed generators: A review of technology, objectives and techniques10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.200 ↗
34. Classification, potential role, and modeling of power-to-heat and thermal energy storage in energy systems: A review
35. Energy Management of CHP-Based Microgrid withThermal Storage for Reducing Wind Curtailment10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000583 ↗
36. De-Jesús-Grullón, R.E., Batista Jorge, R.O., Espinal Serrata, A., Espinal Serrata, J.E., Pichardo Estévez, J.J., and Guerrero-Rodríguez, N.F. (2024). Modeling and Simulation of Distribution Networks with High Renewable Penetration in Open-Source Software: QGIS and OpenDSS. Energies, 17.10.20944/preprints202405.0331.v1 ↗
37. (2025, July 30). Grid-Scape. Available online: https://grid-scape.com/long-duration-energy-storage-vs-microgrids-unraveling-the-key-distinctions/.
38. Multi-energy microgrid optimal operation with integrated power to gas technology considering uncertainties10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130174 ↗
39. Enescu, D., Chicco, G., Porumb, R., and Seritan, G. (2020). Thermal Energy Storage for Grid Applications: Current Status and Emerging Trends. Energies, 13.10.3390/en13020340 ↗
40. A predictive Operation Controller for an Electro-Thermal Microgrid Utilizing Variable Flow Temperatures10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.195 ↗
41. Alcázar Ortega, M., Cañas Peñuelas, C.S., Escrivá Escrivá, G., Fuster Roig, V.L., and Roger Folch, J. (2019). Generación, Transporte Y Distribución de Energía Eléctrica, Universitat Politècnica de València. [1st ed.].
42. (2020). Voltage Characteristics of Electricity Supplied by Public Electricity Networks (Standard No. UNE-EN 50160:2020).
43. IDEA (2025, July 20). Análisis del Consumo Energético Energético del Sector Residencial en España (PROYECTO SECH-SPAHOUSEC). Available online: https://www.idae.es/uploads/documentos/documentos_Informe_SPAHOUSEC_ACC_f68291a3.pdf.
44. IEA (2025, July 29). Analysis and Forecast to 2027. Available online: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/7c671ef6-2947-4e87-beea-af0e1288e1d7/Electricity2025.pdf.
45. EEA (2025, July 29). Europe’s Environment 2025. Available online: https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/europe-environment-2025/countries/spain.
46. Eurelectric (2025, July 29). The New Industrial Age. Available online: https://powersummit2025.eurelectric.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Industrial-electrification-competitiveness.pdf.