Predicting Urban Traffic Under Extreme Weather by Deep Learning Method with Disaster Knowledge

Meteorological and climatological trends are surely changing the way urban infrastructure systems need to be operated and maintained. Urban road traffic fluctuates more significantly under the interference of strong wind–rain weather, especially during tropical cyclones. Deep learning-based methods have significantly improved the accuracy of traffic prediction under extreme weather, but their robustness still has much room for improvement. As the frequency of extreme weather events increases due to climate change, accurately predicting spatiotemporal patterns of urban road traffic is crucial for a resilient transportation system. The compounding effects of the hazards, environments, and urban road network determine the spatiotemporal distribution of urban road traffic during an extreme weather event. In this paper, a novel Knowledge-driven Attribute-Augmented Attention Spatiotemporal Graph Convolutional Network (KA3STGCN) framework is proposed to predict urban road traffic under compound hazards. We design a disaster-knowledge attribute-augmented unit to enhance the model’s ability to perceive real-time hazard intensity and road vulnerability. The attribute-augmented unit includes the dynamic hazard attributes and static environment attributes besides the road traffic information. In addition, we improve feature extraction by combining Graph Convolutional Network, Gated Recurrent Unit, and the attention mechanism. A real-world dataset in Shenzhen City, China, was employed to validate the proposed framework. The findings show that the prediction accuracy of traffic speed can be significantly increased by 12.16%~31.67% with disaster information supplemented, and the framework performs robustly on different road vulnerabilities and hazard intensities. The framework can be migrated to other regions and disaster scenarios in order to strengthen city resilience.