Dataset for Traffic Accident Analysis in Poland: Integrating Weather Data and Sociodemographic Factors
Source abstract
Abstract
Road traffic accidents remain a critical public health concern worldwide, with Poland consistently experiencing high fatality rates—52 deaths per million inhabitants in 2023, compared to the EU average of 46. To investigate the underlying factors contributing to these accidents, we developed a multifactorial dataset integrating 250,000 accident records from 2015 to 2023 with spatially interpolated weather data and sociodemographic indicators. We employed Kriging interpolation to convert point-based weather station data into continuous surfaces, enabling the attribution of location-specific weather conditions to each accident. Following comprehensive preprocessing and spatial analysis, we generated visualizations—including heatmaps and choropleth maps—that revealed distinct regional patterns at the county level. Our preliminary findings suggest that accident occurrence and severity are driven by different underlying factors: while temperature and vehicle counts strongly correlate with total accident numbers, humidity, precipitation, and road infrastructure quality show stronger associations with fatal outcomes. This integrated dataset provides a robust foundation for Bayesian and time-series modeling, supporting the development of evidence-based road safety strategies.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Traffic and Road Safety · Flood Risk Assessment and Management · Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Automatic Control & Robotics, AGH University of Kraków, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Funding
AGH Subvention
References (43)
Show source-provided references
1. (2025, February 17). WHO—Road Traffic Injuries. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/road-traffic-injuries.
2. (2025, February 17). European Road Safety Observatory—Annual Accident Report 2022. Available online: https://road-safety.transport.ec.europa.eu/european-road-safety-observatory/statistics-and-analysis-archive/annual-accident-report_en.
3. Road traffic accidents: An overview of data sources, analysis techniques and contributing factors10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.415 ↗
4. Effects of Inclement Weather Events on Road Surface Conditions and Traffic Safety: An Event-Based Empirical Analysis Framework10.1177/03611981221088588 ↗
5. Impact of high temperature on road injury mortality in a changing climate, 1990–2019: A global analysis10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159369 ↗
6. High Ambient Temperatures and Risk of Motor Vehicle Crashes in Catalonia, Spain (2000–2011): A Time-Series Analysis10.1289/ehp.1409223 ↗
7. Heatwave impacts on traffic accidents by time-of-day and age of casualties in five urban areas in South Korea10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100917 ↗
8. The use of a temporal analogue to predict future traffic accidents and winter road conditions in Sweden10.1002/met.186 ↗
9. Ambient temperature and risk of motor vehicle crashes: A countrywide analysis in Spain10.1016/j.envres.2022.114599 ↗
10. Measuring the contribution of randomness, exposure, weather, and daylight to the variation in road accident counts10.1016/0001-4575(94)E0023-E ↗
11. Gasoline prices and road fatalities: International evidence10.1111/ecin.12171 ↗
12. The role of tourism in road traffic accidents: The case of Greece10.1080/13683500.2023.2166468 ↗
13. Investigation of the effect of tourism on road crashes
14. Do higher gasoline taxes save lives?10.1016/j.econlet.2005.07.003 ↗
15. An assessment of road traffic accidents in Spain: The role of tourism10.1080/13683500.2018.1548581 ↗
16. Do higher fuel prices help reduce road traffic accidents?10.1016/j.aap.2019.105353 ↗
17. Quest, W., Goodness, W., and Elly, B. (2025, June 27). Statistical Modeling of Road Traffic Accident Patterns and Prediction of Future Accident Hotspots. Preprint on ResearchGate. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/390096337_Statistical_Modeling_of_Road_Traffic_Accident_Patterns_and_Prediction_of_Future_Accident_Hotspots.
18. Effects of Snowfalls on Motor Vehicle Collisions, Injuries, and Fatalities10.2105/AJPH.2004.048926 ↗
19. Explaining the road accident risk: Weather effects10.1016/j.aap.2013.03.006 ↗
20. A time series study on the effects of cold temperature on road traffic injuries in Seoul, Korea10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.019 ↗
21. Board, T.R. (2012, January 22–26). Assessing Time and Weather Effects on Collision Frequency by Severity in Edmonton Using Multivariate Safety Performance Functions. Proceedings of the Transportation Research Board 91st Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, USA. Available online: https://trid.trb.org/View/1128732.
22. A review of the effect of traffic and weather characteristics on road safety10.1016/j.aap.2014.06.017 ↗
23. Studying the effect of weather conditions on daily crash counts using a discrete time-series model10.1016/j.aap.2008.01.001 ↗
24. High-resolution studies of rainfall on Norfolk Island: Part II: Interpolation of rainfall data10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00155-3 ↗
25. High-resolution studies of rainfall on Norfolk Island: Part 1: The spatial variability of rainfall10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00154-1 ↗
26. Temporal and spatial resolution of rainfall measurements required for urban hydrology10.1016/S0022-1694(04)00363-4 ↗
27. Comparison of two kriging interpolation methods applied to spatiotemporal rainfall10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.11.025 ↗
28. Kriging in the hydrosciences10.1016/0309-1708(78)90039-8 ↗
29. Geostatistical approaches for incorporating elevation into the spatial interpolation of rainfall10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00144-X ↗
30. A comparison of geostatistical procedures for spatial analysis of precipitation in mountainous terrain10.1016/0168-1923(92)90114-J ↗
31. Spatial interpolation of temperature in the United States using residual kriging10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.07.012 ↗
32. Solar irradiance-corrected spatial interpolation of hourly temperature in complex terrain10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.06.006 ↗
33. Kriging-based approach to predict missing air temperature data10.1016/j.compag.2017.09.033 ↗
34. (2025, February 21). Zarządzenie nr 31 Komendanta Głównego Policji z Dnia 22 Października 2015 r. w Sprawie Metod i Form Prowadzenia Przez Policję Statystyki Zdarzeń Drogowych [Order No. 31 of the Commander-in-Chief of Police of October 22, 2015, on the Methods and Forms of Maintaining Road Incident Statistics by the Police], Available online: https://edziennik.policja.gov.pl/legalact/2015/85/.
35. (2025, February 17). Mapa wypadków—Polskie Obserwatorium Bezpieczeństwa Ruchu Drogowego [Accident Map—Polish Road Safety Observatory]. Available online: https://obserwatoriumbrd.pl/mapa-wypadkow/.
36. (2025, February 17). Non-Commercial Platform Providing Data from SEWIK. Available online: https://sewik.pl/search.
37. (2025, February 17). Publiczne Dane Pomiarowo Obserwacyjne IMGW [Public Measurement and Observational Data of IMGW]. Available online: https://danepubliczne.imgw.pl/data/dane_pomiarowo_obserwacyjne/.
38. (2025, February 18). Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej—Państwowy Instytut Badawczy [Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute]. Available online: https://imgw.pl/strona-glowna/zadania-statutowe/.
39. (2025, February 18). Ośrodki i Stacje Pomiarowo-Obserwacyjne IMGW [Meteorological Centers and Stations of IMGW]. Available online: https://imgw.pl/strona-glowna/osrodki-i-stacje/.
40. (2025, February 17). Statistics Poland—Local Data Bank, Available online: https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/start.
41. (2025, February 17). Eurostat—GISCO—Copernicus. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gisco/geodata/digital-elevation-model/copernicus#Elevation.
42. (2025, March 01). National Register of Boundaries, Available online: https://www.geoportal.gov.pl/en/data/national-register-of-boundaries/.
43. Filapek, A., Faruga, Ł., and Baranowski, J. (2025). Bayesian Modeling of Traffic Accident Rates in Poland based on Weather Conditions. Appl. Sci., submitted.