journal article·2025-07-14Open access

Fatigue Life Analysis of Cylindrical Roller Bearings Considering Elastohydrodynamic Lubrications

Ke Zhang, Zhitao Huang, Qingsong Li, Ruiyu Zhang

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 14

Abstract

Cylindrical roller bearings are widely used in industrial machinery, automotive systems, and aerospace applications, where their reliability directly affects the performance and safety of mechanical systems. The fatigue life of cylindrical roller bearings is significantly affected by their elastohydrodynamic lubrication condition, with variations potentially reaching multiple times. However, conventional quasi-static models often neglect lubrication effects. This study establishes a quasi-static analysis model for cylindrical roller bearings that incorporates the effects of elastohydrodynamic lubrication by integrating elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory with the Lundberg–Palmgren life model. The isothermal line contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication equations are solved using the multigrid method, and the contact load distribution is determined through nonlinear iterative techniques to calculate bearing fatigue life. Taking the N324 support bearing on the main shaft of an SFW250-8/850 horizontal hydro-generator as an example, the influences of radial load, inner race speed, and lubricant viscosity on fatigue life are comparatively analyzed. Experimental validation is conducted under both light-load and heavy-load operating conditions. The results demonstrate that elastohydrodynamic lubrication markedly increases contact loads, leading to a reduced predicted fatigue life compared with that of the De Mul model (which ignores lubrication). The proposed lubrication-integrated model achieves an average deviation of 5.3% from the experimental data, representing a 16.1% improvement in prediction accuracy over the De Mul model. Additionally, increased rotational speed and lubricant viscosity accelerate fatigue life degradation.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis · Tribology and Lubrication Engineering · Tribology and Wear Analysis

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China

School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China

Funding

The National Natural Science Foundation (China) · The Shanghai association for the promotion of scientific and technological achievements (SPAT)

References (32)

Show source-provided references
1. Babak, V., Babak, S., and Zaporozhets, A. (2024). Statistical Assessment of Diagnostic Parameters. Statistical Diagnostics of Electric Power Equipment. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, Springer. [1st ed.].10.1007/978-3-031-76253-6 ↗
2. Babak, V., Zaporozhets, A., Kuts, Y., Fryz, M., and Scherbak, L. (2024). Identification of Vibration Noise Signals of Electric Power Facilities. Noise signals. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, Springer. [1st ed.].10.1007/978-3-031-71093-3 ↗
3. Lazović, T., Marinković, A., Atanasovska, I., Sedak, M., and Stojanović, B. (2024). From Innovation to Standardization—A Century of Rolling Bearing Life Formula. Machines, 12.10.3390/machines12070444 ↗
4. Harris, T.A., and Kotzalas, M.N. (2006). Rolling Bearing Analysis: Essential Concepts of Bearing Technology, CRC Press. [5th ed.].10.1201/9781420006582 ↗
5. Dynamic capacity of rolling bearings10.1115/1.4009930 ↗
6. A general theory for elastically constrained ball and radial roller bearings under arbitrary load and speed conditions10.1115/1.3662587 ↗
7. Creţu, S. (2016). The effect of primary loading on fatigue life of cylindrical roller bearings. IOP Conf. Mater. Sci. Eng., 147.10.1088/1757-899X/147/1/012011 ↗
8. Liu, Y., Wang, B., Zhang, B., and Yang, S. (2022). Establishment of dynamic model for axle box bearing of high-speed trains under variable speed conditions. Chin. J. Mech. Eng., 35.10.1186/s10033-022-00725-0 ↗
9. A new damage-mechanics-based model for rolling contact fatigue analysis of cylindrical roller bearing10.1016/j.triboint.2017.12.001 ↗
10. Roller channel control theory and the determination of the rolling body posture angle10.3901/JME.2001.02.058 ↗
11. Effect of preload on ball-raceway contact state and fatigue life of angular contact ball bearing10.1016/j.triboint.2017.04.029 ↗
12. Fundamentals of the hydrodynamic theory of lubrication of heavily loaded cylindrical surfaces
13. A numerical solution to the elasto-hydrodynamic problem10.1243/JMES_JOUR_1959_001_004_02 ↗
14. Zhu, D., and Jane, W.Q. (2013). Effect of roughness orientation on the elastohydrodynamic lubrication film thickness. J. Tribol., 135.10.1115/1.4023250 ↗
15. Theoretical and Experimental Study on Point Contact Elastic Flow Lubrication of Non-Newtonian Fluids
16. Thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of deep groove ball bearing10.1108/ILT-12-2017-0368 ↗
17. Multigrid method for the solution of EHL point contact with bio-based oil as lubricants for smooth and rough asperity10.1108/ILT-12-2016-0314 ↗
18. Liu, S., Qiu, L., and Chen, X. (2021). In-depth exploration of the multigrid method to simulate elastohydrodynamic line lubrications with smooth, wavy, and rough surfaces. J. Tribol., 143.10.1115/1.4050426 ↗
19. Analysis of transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication of asymmetric functionally graded material polymer gear
20. The speed of convergence of one iterative process10.1016/0041-5553(64)90253-8 ↗
21. Multigrid, an alternative method for calculating film thickness and pressure profiles in elastohydrodynamically lubricated line contacts10.1115/1.3261260 ↗
22. Venner, C.H., and Lubrecht, A.A. (2006). Multilevel Methods in Lubrication, Elsevier. [1st ed.].
23. Larsson, S., and Thomée, V. (2003). Partial Differential Equations with Numerical Methods, Springer. [1st ed.].
24. Hydrodynamic load calculation in rolling element bearings10.1080/10402004.2015.1090043 ↗
25. Luo, T.Y., and Luo, J.W. (2009). Rolling Bearing Analysis, Calculation and Application, China Machine Press. [2nd ed.].
26. Analysis of thermal elastic flow lubrication performance of thrust bearings for large hydrogenerator
27. Prediction of residual life of rolling bearing based on DTCWPT frequency distribution feature and BiLSTM
28. (2024). Fundamental Technical Requirements for Hydrogenerators (Standard No. GB/T 7894-2023).
29. (2018). Rolling Bearings—Methods for Calculating the Modified Reference Rating Life for Universally Loaded Bearings (Standard No. GB/Z36517-2018).
30. (2010). Rolling Bearings—Dynamic Load Ratings and Rating Life (Standard No. GB/T6391-2010).
31. (2008). Rolling Bearings—Methods for Calculating the Modified Reference Rating Life for Universally Loaded Bearings (Standard No. ISO/TS 16281:2008).
32. Equilibrium and associated load distribution in ball and roller-bearings load ed in five degrees of freedom while neglecting friction—Part II: Application to roller bearings and experimental verification10.1115/1.3261865 ↗