In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Green Tomato Extract: Perspectives on Topical Application
Source abstract
Abstract
Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are among the fastest-growing nanomaterials due to the simplicity, efficiency, and sustainability of their biosynthesis using phytochemicals as reducing and coating agents. The agro-food industry generates large quantities of organic waste, a renewable source of biomolecules for AgNP biosynthesis. The main objective of this work was to prepare and characterize biogenic AgNP using a green tomato waste extract (TE) obtained by subcritical water extraction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of such an extract in the synthesis of AgNP. The effects of the TE and AgNO3 concentrations, reaction time, pH, and temperature on AgNP physico-chemical characteristics and on in vitro cytotoxicity against HaCaT and THP-1 cells were assessed. Antimicrobial activity was determined in vitro and ex vivo. The wound-healing capability of AgNP was evaluated in vivo in an incisional wound mouse model. The developed AgNP have a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) band between 402 and 406 nm and a size of ±60 nm, and they are negatively charged (−42 mV) and spherical. In vitro and ex vivo studies prove that AgNP do not compromise skin cells and can decrease cutaneous irritation. The AgNP formulated in a gel revealed similar wound-healing properties to a commercial silver-containing topical ointment. Overall, the biogenic synthesis of AgNP employing an extract of agricultural waste obtained by an eco-friendly method is simple and cost-effective and presents the potential for application in skin disease management.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications · Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications · Nanotechnology research and applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
NOVA School of Science & Technology, Chemistry Department, LAQV REQUIMTE, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
Research Institute for Medicines (iMed. ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM Lisboa), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
Funding
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) · FCT/MCTES
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