Vulnerability Assessment Framework for Physical Protection Systems Integrating Complex Networks and Fuzzy Petri Nets

Modern physical protection systems (PPSs) play a pivotal role in safeguarding critical infrastructure and maintaining public safety. Yet increasingly complex system architectures and evolving threat landscapes pose significant vulnerability challenges to PPSs. Conventional vulnerability assessment methods predominantly rely on expert knowledge or single-path analysis, which inadequately captures complex inter-component relationships and the impact of uncertainties on PPS vulnerabilities. To bridge this gap, this paper introduces a hybrid analytical framework synergizing complex network theory with fuzzy Petri net (FPN). The proposed method operates through two integrated phases: (1) constructing topological models of PPS using complex network theory to characterize component interrelationships, and (2) incorporating FPN to establish vulnerability propagation models that simulate cascading effects and quantify overall system vulnerability. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed approach demonstrates superior effectiveness in identifying critical vulnerability points within the system, providing a scientifically grounded foundation for enhancing PPS security and implementing risk control measures.