On the Detection and Removal of Oxides from Laser-Treated Surfaces
Source abstract
Abstract
Laser texturing is a technique for surface modification widely applicable in various industrial areas, for example, as a substrate pre-treatment for thermal spray coatings. When performed in air, the elevated surface temperature may induce the oxidation of metallic surfaces, which in turn may undermine the coating adhesion. The degree of oxidation depends on the substrate material as well as the processing parameters. This brings about the need for analyzing the oxide content as well as its removal if needed. In the current study, the applicability of two widely available methods for oxide analysis—X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), is investigated and compared. Furthermore, three types of oxide removal methods—annealing in a reducing atmosphere, gentle laser ablation, and acid etching—were applied, and their efficiency was demonstrated on three classes of materials—stainless steel and W-based and Ti-based materials. Oxide removal by laser ablation was additionally analyzed and correlated with in-process fast heat accumulation temperature measurements.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: High-Temperature Coating Behaviors · Metal and Thin Film Mechanics · Tribology and Lubrication Engineering
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, U Slovanky 1a, 18200 Praha, Czech Republic
New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 30100 Plzeň, Czech Republic
Laserinstitut Hochschule Mittweida, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Technikumplatz 17, 09648 Mittweida, Germany
UJP Praha, Nad Kamínkou 1345, 15600 Praha, Czech Republic
Funding
“Advanced coating substrate preparation by shifted and ultrafast laser texturing” · Technology Agency of the Czech Republic · Saxon Ministry of the Arts and Science · Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic · Programme Johannes Amos Commenius · call Excellent Research · project MEBioSys · EU
References (38)
Show source-provided references
1. Laser Surface Texturing: Characteristics and Applications
2. Laser Surface Texturing and Related Techniques for Enhancing Tribological Performance of Engineering Materials: A Review10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.02.009 ↗
3. Recent Progresses and Applications in Laser-Based Surface Texturing Systems10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.101736 ↗
4. Schille, J., Schneider, L., Mauersberger, S., Szokup, S., Höhn, S., Pötschke, J., Reiß, F., Leidich, E., and Löschner, U. (2020). High-Rate Laser Surface Texturing for Advanced Tribological Functionality. Lubricants, 8.10.3390/lubricants8030033 ↗
5. Erosion Resistance of Laser Textured Plasma-Sprayed Al2O3-13%TiO2 Coatings on Mild Steel10.1016/j.wear.2019.202937 ↗
6. Schille, J., Loeschner, U., Ebert, R., Scully, P., Goddard, N., and Exner, H. (2010, January 26–30). Laser Micro Processing Using a High Repetition Rate Femto Second Laser. Proceedings of the 29th International Congress on Applications of Lasers and Electro-Optics, Anaheim, CA, USA.10.2351/1.5062008 ↗
7. Conradi, M., Kocijan, A., Klobčar, D., and Godec, M. (2020). Influence of Laser Texturing on Microstructure, Surface and Corrosion Properties of Ti-6al-4v. Metals, 10.10.3390/met10111504 ↗
8. Shivakoti, I., Kibria, G., Cep, R., Pradhan, B.B., and Sharma, A. (2021). Laser Surface Texturing for Biomedical Applications: A Review. Coatings, 11.10.3390/coatings11020124 ↗
9. Femtosecond Vector Vortex Laser Ablation in Tungsten: Chiral Nano-Micro Texturing and Structuring10.1364/OME.510141 ↗
10. Control of the Mesostructure of Suspension Plasma-Sprayed Coating with Laser Surface Texturing: Application to TBC10.1007/s11666-019-00835-7 ↗
11. The Role of Laser Texturing in Improving the Adhesion of Plasma Sprayed Tungsten Coatings10.1007/s11666-019-00924-7 ↗
12. High-Speed Laser Surface Structuring for Thermal Spray Coating Preparation10.1002/pssa.202300710 ↗
13. High-Speed Laser Patterning of YSZ Ceramic Substrates for Plasma Spraying: Microstructure Manipulation and Adhesion of YSZ Coatings10.1007/s11666-024-01852-x ↗
14. Surface Oxide and Hydroxide Effects on Aluminum Microparticle Impact Bonding10.1016/j.actamat.2020.07.011 ↗
15. Effect of Particle and Substrate Pre-Heating on the Oxide Layer and Material Jet Formation in Solid-State Spray Deposition: A Numerical Study10.1007/s11666-022-01509-7 ↗
16. Omar, N.I., Yusuf, Y., Sundi, S.A.B., Abu Bakar, I.A., Andre Fabiani, V., Abdul Rahim, T., and Yamada, M. (2023). Influence of Remaining Oxide on the Adhesion Strength of Supersonic Particle Deposition TiO2 Coatings on Annealed Stainless Steel. Coatings, 13.10.3390/coatings13061086 ↗
17. Laser-Induced Oxidation of Metals: State of the Art10.1016/S0040-6090(96)09390-X ↗
18. Exploring the Impact of Laser Surface Oxidation Parameters on Surface Chemistry and Corrosion Behaviour of AISI 316L Stainless Steel10.1016/j.apsadv.2024.100622 ↗
19. Laser Surface Texturing of Ti-6Al-4V by Nanosecond Laser: Surface Characterization, Ti-Oxide Layer Analysis and Its Electrical Insulation Performance10.1016/j.msec.2019.109901 ↗
20. Multi-Phase Titanium Oxide LIPSS Formation under fs Laser Irradiation on Titanium Thin Films in Ambient Air10.1364/OME.431210 ↗
21. Matějíček, J., Vilémová, M., Veverka, J., Kubásek, J., Lukáč, F., Novák, P., Preisler, D., Stráský, J., and Weiss, Z. (2019). On the Structural and Chemical Homogeneity of Spark Plasma Sintered Tungsten. Metals, 9.10.3390/met9080879 ↗
22. Study on the Effect of Vacuum Fusion Infiltration Technology on the Properties of Tungsten/Copper Joining Interface10.1016/j.net.2024.01.048 ↗
23. (2024, November 14). Measuring System for Pulsed Laser Material Processing. Available online: https://ultrashort.labir.cz/.
24. Martan, J., Moskal, D., Beltrami, C., Honner, M., Ramon-Conde, I., Peters, O., Schille, J., Lang, V., and Loeschner, U. (2023, January 26–29). Development of Fast Temperature Measurement System for Ultrashort Pulse Laser Material Processing. Proceedings of the Lasers in Manufacturing Conference (LIM 2023), WLT, Munich, Germany.
25. Czichos, H., Saito, T., and Smith, L. (2006). Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods, Springer.10.1007/978-3-540-30300-8 ↗
26. (2024, November 14). Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS/EDX): An Overview. Available online: https://www.azolifesciences.com/article/Energy-Dispersive-Spectroscopy-(EDSEDX)-An-Overview.aspx.
27. (2024, November 14). How to Find Which Oxides Are Formed After Oxidation or Corrosion and How to Quantify It? Is It Possible to Quantify from the EDS Elemental Analysis?. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/post/How-to-find-which-oxides-are-formed-after-oxidation-or-corrosion-and-how-to-quantify-it-Is-it-possible-to-quantify-from-the-EDS-elemental-analysis.
28. Fargas, G., Roa, J.J., Sefer, B., Pederson, R., Antti, M.L., and Mateo, A. (2017, January 24–26). Oxidation Behavior of Ti6Al4V Alloy Exposed to Isothermal and Cyclic Thermal Treatments. Proceedings of the METAL 2017—26th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, Brno, Czechia.
29. Oxidation of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.04.024 ↗
30. Thermal Oxidation of Ti6Al4V Alloy: Microstructural and Electrochemical Characterization10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.09.007 ↗
31. High-Temperature Oxidation Kinetics and Behavior of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy10.1007/s11085-017-9770-0 ↗
32. Air Oxidation Behaviour of Ti-6A1-4V Alloy between 650 and 850 °C10.1016/0010-938X(94)90069-8 ↗
33. Estupinán-López, F., Orquiz-Muela, C., Gaona-Tiburcio, C., Cabral-Miramontes, J., Bautista-Margulis, R.G., Nieves-Mendoza, D., Maldonado-Bandala, E., Almeraya-Calderón, F., and Lopes, A.J. (2023). Oxidation Kinetics of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys by Conventional and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing. Materials, 16.10.3390/ma16031187 ↗
34. (2024, November 14). Phase Quantification. Available online: https://www.malvernpanalytical.com/en/products/measurement-type/phase-quantification.
35. (2024, November 14). X-Ray Detection Limit of a Phase Defined in Vol or Mass%?. Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/post/X-Ray-detection-limit-of-a-phase-defined-in-vol-or-mass.
36. (2024, November 14). Determining Accurate Detection Limits for EDS Analysis Using Simulated Spectra. Available online: https://www.oxinst.com/blogs/determining-accurate-detection-limits-for-eds-analysis-using-simulated-spectra.
37. Heat Accumulation during Pulsed Laser Materials Processing10.1364/OE.22.011312 ↗
38. Picosecond Laser Surface Cleaning of AM1 Superalloy10.1016/j.phpro.2016.08.020 ↗