Energy Accumulation Law of Different Forms of Coal–Rock Combinations

Coal–rock disasters are becoming more and more severe as the intensity of coal mining increases. Due to its destructive power and resulting extensive area damage, rock burst is among the most critical threats to coal mine safety. It results from the combined action of the coal and the rock when affected by the mining process. To this end, we used a combination of coal and rock to conduct our studies. Combining a uniaxial compression experiment with theoretical analysis, this work investigated how different lithologies and coal–rock height ratios affect the mechanical properties of this combination and the law governing energy accumulation. We determined the following: When the coal–rock height ratios are dissimilar, the peak strength and modulus of elasticity of the combination show a negative correlation with the coal thickness share, and the pre-peak energy accumulation and impact energy index of the combination is positively correlated with the coal thickness percentage. In combination with the same coal–rock height ratio, the peak strength, elastic modulus, pre-peak energy accumulation, and impact energy index all increase with increased rock strength and elastic modulus. The presence of a hard rock layer affects the accumulation of pre-peak energy. Based on the experimental analysis, a theoretical model was established, and the surrounding rock stress negatively correlates with the percentage of coal thickness; the energy stored in the surrounding rock is directly proportional to the coal in the zone. Therefore, we inferred that the stress distribution of the surrounding rock as coal thickness changes is abnormal; substantial energy accumulation can swiftly initiate dynamic disasters, such as rock bursts. This study has important reference significance for preventing and controlling rock bursts in areas where coal thickness changes.