Smart Charging and Vehicle-to-Grid Integration of Electric Vehicles: Technical Insights, Cybersecurity Risks, and Mobility-OrientedControl Strategies
Source abstract
Abstract
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology enables controlled bidirectional energy exchange between electric vehicles (EVs) and the power grid, allowing EVs to operate as flexible storage resources that support renewable-energy integration, peak-load reduction, and ancillary services. As EV adoption grows, deploying V2G at scale requires a comprehensive understanding of the electrochemical, power-electronic, communication, and mobility foundations that determine system performance. This review presents an integrated assessment of the essential components of V2G and broader Vehicle Grid Integration (VGI). First, the technical foundations are examined, including traction batteries, battery management systems, bidirectional converter topologies, charger architectures, connector standards, and grid-code compliance. Battery degradation mechanisms under V2G cycling are analyzed, with emphasis on depth of discharge, cycling frequency, and thermal conditions. Second, charging-infrastructure architectures and grid-integration considerations are evaluated across AC, DC, on-board, and off-board charging systems. Third, communication and interoperability frameworks, including ISO 15118, OCPP, OCPI, and cybersecurity requirements, are reviewed to assess the security and scalability of V2G operations. Finally, grid-aware mobility applications are discussed, covering coordinated charging, energy-aware routing, shared and autonomous mobility services, and dynamic pricing within coupled power and transport networks. The review concludes by identifying key technical and operational insights that support the development of robust V2G and VGI ecosystems.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure · Transportation and Mobility Innovations · Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Electrical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Republic of Korea
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Republic of Korea
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Funding
Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University
References (100+)
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