Cooling Load Forecasting Method for Central Air Conditioning Systems in Manufacturing Plants Based on iTransformer-BiLSTM

Cooling load forecasting is a crucial aspect of optimizing energy efficiency and efficient operation in central air conditioning systems for manufacturing plants. Due to the influence of multiple factors, the cooling load in manufacturing plants exhibits complex characteristics, including multi-peak patterns, periodic fluctuations, and short-term disturbances during meal periods. Existing methods struggle to accurately capture the relationships among variables and temporal dependencies, leading to limited forecasting accuracy. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a hybrid forecasting method based on the iTransformer-BiLSTM. First, the Pearson correlation coefficient is employed to select time-series variables that have a significant impact on cooling load. Then, iTransformer is utilized for feature extraction to capture nonlinear dependencies among multivariate inputs and global temporal patterns. Finally, BiLSTM is applied for temporal modeling, leveraging its bidirectional recurrent structure to capture both forward and backward dependencies in time series, thereby improving forecasting accuracy. Experimental validation on a cooling load dataset from a welding workshop in a manufacturing plant, including ablation studies and comparative analyses with other algorithms, demonstrates that the proposed method achieves superior performance compared to traditional approaches in forecasting accuracy. Meanwhile, by integrating the SHAP sensitivity analysis method, the contributions of input variables to the cooling load prediction results are systematically evaluated, thereby enhancing the interpretability of the model. This research provides a reliable technical foundation for energy-efficient control of central air conditioning systems in manufacturing plants.