Cold-Water Immersion Promotes Antioxidant Enzyme Activation in Elite Taekwondo Athletes
Source abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cold-water immersion (CWI) on lipid peroxides and antioxidant enzymes in adult Taekwondo athletes after a match. A cross-sectional study was performed. After a Taekwondo match, the control group remained seated passively, while the treatment group immersed their legs below the knee joint in cold water at 10 °C. Blood samples were taken at pre-match, post-match, post-treatment, and post-rest, and changes in malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) concentrations were analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant difference in MDA between the two groups, and while the CWI group had 19% lower SOD concentration compared to the control group, and the difference was not significant. However, in case of interaction for GPx concentration (p < 0.001), a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CWI after a Taekwondo match elevates the concentration of antioxidant enzymes.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Exercise and Physiological Responses · Thermoregulation and physiological responses · Muscle metabolism and nutrition
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of sports Leisure, Sungshin Women‘s University, Seoul 02844, Korea
References (61)
Show source-provided references
1. Physical exercise-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase-1 in human leukocytes: Effects of RRR-α-tocopherol supplementation10.1089/ars.2000.2.1-113 ↗
2. Fernández-Lázaro, D., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Seco Calvo, J., Córdova Martínez, A., Caballero García, A., and Fernandez-Lazaro, C.I. (2020). Modulation of exercise-induced muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative markers by curcumin supplementation in a physically active population: A systematic review. Nutrients, 12.10.3390/nu12020501 ↗
3. Free radicals, antioxidants, and human diseases: Curiosity, cause, or consequence?10.1016/S0140-6736(94)92211-X ↗
4. Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: Biological actions
5. Antioxidant enzyme response to exercise and aging10.1249/00005768-199302000-00011 ↗
6. Introduction: Oxidant stress, aging and exercise10.1249/00005768-199302000-00008 ↗
7. The effect of exercise on enzymes activities in cardiac muscle of mice of various ages10.1016/0006-2944(82)90089-8 ↗
8. Biochemical adaptations to endurance exercise in muscle10.1146/annurev.ph.38.030176.001421 ↗
9. The role of oxidative, inflammatory and neuroendocrinological systems during exercise stress in athletes: Implications of antioxidant supplementation on physiological adaptation during intensified physical training10.1007/s40279-014-0282-7 ↗
10. Oxidative stress biomarkers and erythrocytes hemolysis in well-trained equine athletes before and after exercise10.1016/j.jevs.2015.09.011 ↗
11. Influence of cold-water immersion on indices of muscle damage following prolonged intermittent shuttle running10.1080/02640410600982659 ↗
12. Effect of cold water immersion on repeat cycling performance and thermoregulation in the heat10.1080/02640410701567425 ↗
13. Effects of sports massage and intermittent cold-water immersion on recovery from matches by basketball players10.1080/02640414.2012.719241 ↗
14. Effects of cold-water immersion on physical performance between successive matches in high-performance junior male soccer players10.1080/02640410802603855 ↗
15. Effects of cold water immersion on the recovery of physical performance and muscle damage following a one-off soccer match10.1080/02640414.2010.526132 ↗
16. Temperature and neuromuscular function10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01204.x ↗
17. Human physiological responses to cold exposure
18. Improved antioxidative protection in winter swimmers10.1093/qjmed/92.4.193 ↗
19. Whole-body cryostimulation and oxidative stress in rowers: The preliminary results10.5114/aoms.2012.30835 ↗
20. Extensor hallucis longus tendon Injury in Taekwondo Athletes10.1016/j.ptsp.2009.05.002 ↗
21. The effects of Taekwondo training on brain connectivity and body intelligence10.4306/pi.2015.12.3.335 ↗
22. Incidence of reported cerebral concussion in adult Taekwondo athletes
23. E.D. Head and neck injuries in young Taekwondo athletes
24. Kasemi, M., and Pieter, W. (2004). Injuries at a Canadian national Taekwondo championships: A prospective study. BMC Musculoskel. Disord., 5.10.1186/1471-2474-5-22 ↗
25. The effect of strenuous exercise, calorie deficiency and sleep deprivation on white blood cells, plasma immunoglobulins and cytokines10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-32.x ↗
26. Effects of an antioxidant vitamin mixture on lipid peroxidation at rest and postexercise10.1152/jappl.1993.74.2.965 ↗
27. Taekwondo techniques and competition characteristics involved time-loss injuries
28. Competition injuries in Taekwondo: A literature review and suggestions for prevention and surveillance10.1136/bjsports-2012-091011 ↗
29. A profile of Olympic Taekwondo competitors
30. Effect of five different recovery methods on repeated cycle performance10.1249/MSS.0b013e318200d25f ↗
31. The effects of cold-water immersion on power output and heart rate in elite cyclists
32. Cold water recovery reduces anaerobic performance10.1055/s-2007-965118 ↗
33. Relative total body fat and skinfold patterning in Filipino national combat sport athletes
34. Heart rate and blood lactate responses during Taekwondo training and competition
35. Heart rate and lactate responses to Taekwondo fight in elite women performers
36. Isokinetic scapular muscle performance in young elite gymnasts
37. Body composition and somatotype of German top Taekwondo practitioners
38. Changes in heart rate and blood lactate concentration as intensity parameters during simulated Taekwondo competition
39. Heart rate response to Taekwondo forms and technique combinations. A pilot study
40. Physiological responses and perceived exertion during international Taekwondo competition10.1123/ijspp.4.4.485 ↗
41. Malondialdehyde production from spermine by homog-enates of nomal and transformed cells10.1016/0300-9084(87)90241-0 ↗
42. Oxidants and skeletal muscle function: Physiologic and pathophysiologic implications10.1046/j.1525-1373.1999.d01-142.x ↗
43. Postexercise impact of ice-cold water bath on the oxidant-antioxidant balance in healthy men10.1155/2015/706141 ↗
44. Win-ter-swimming as a building-up body resistance factor inducing adaptive changes in the oxidant/antioxidant status10.3109/00365513.2013.773594 ↗
45. Cold modalities with different thermodynamic properties produce different surface and intramuscular temperatures
46. Impaired substrate oxidation in healthy elderly men after eccentric exercise10.1152/japplphysiol.00746.2002 ↗
47. Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation after short-term maximal exercise in trained and untrained humans
48. Exercise-induced modulation of antioxidant defense10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02085.x ↗
49. Effects of a training taper on tissue damage indices, serum antioxidant capacity and half-marathon running performance10.1055/s-2000-3778 ↗
50. Stress-related hormonal and psychological changes to official youth Taekwondo competition10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01046.x ↗
51. Changes of mucosal immunity and antioxidation activity in Elite Male Taiwanese taekwondo athletes associated with intensive training and rapid weight loss10.1136/bjsm.2009.062497 ↗
52. Effect of previous exhaustive exercise on metabolism and fatigue development during intense exercise in humans10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00942.x ↗
53. Maximal accumulated oxygen deficit and blood responses of ammonia, lactate and PH after anaerobic test: A comparison between international and national elite karate athletes10.1055/s-2005-872965 ↗
54. Does overtraining exist?10.2165/00007256-200434140-00003 ↗
55. Antioxidant supplementation during exercise training10.2165/11594400-000000000-00000 ↗
56. Cryotherapy in sports medicine10.1111/j.1600-0838.1996.tb00090.x ↗
57. Whole-body cryotherapy: Empirical evidence and theoretical perspectives10.2147/OAJSM.S41655 ↗
58. Effect of short-term cryostimulation on antioxidative status and its clinical applications in humans10.1007/s00421-011-2122-x ↗
59. Uric acid and glutathione levels during short-term whole body cold exposure10.1016/0891-5849(94)90030-2 ↗
60. The effect of whole-body cryostimulation on the prooxidant–antioxidant balance in blood of elite kayakers after training10.1007/s00421-007-0524-6 ↗
61. Whole-body cryostimulation in kayaker women: A study of the effect of cryogenic temperatures on oxidative stress after the exercise