Seismic Performance Assessment of an Existing RC Wall Building with Irregular Geometry: A Case-Study of a Hospital in Croatia
Source abstract
Abstract
Buildings of strategic importance should be able to resist seismic forces in accordance with potential earthquakes that may occur at the location and remain fully operational afterwards. However, many of them were constructed before the modern principles of seismic design were known (especially regarding detailing and ductility), and therefore may be considered substandard. The first step in mitigating the seismic risk of such structures is to assess their seismic performance and, in particular, to identify their structural deficiencies. This study presents a comprehensive methodology for the seismic performance assessment of individual buildings, applied to an existing reinforced concrete (RC) hospital. This building is of an irregular layout, constructed as a structural wall system, and it is located in the seismically active region of Croatia. It includes the assessment of seismic hazards on the location, ambient noise measurements, experimental determination of structural modal parameters, creation of a detailed numerical model calibrated with experimental data, and a seismic performance assessment using various analysis methods. As a result, the building collapse mechanisms were determined and critical structural elements identified, which is the basis for future actions directed to the reduction of its risk (e.g., applications of specific measures for a target retrofit, proposal of evacuation routes and safe places inside the building, etc.).
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Structural Health Monitoring Techniques · Seismic Performance and Analysis · Concrete Corrosion and Durability
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Engineering Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Funding
Interreg Italy-Croatia project READINESS, Dubrovnik-Neretva County
References (62)
Show source-provided references
1. Wallemacq, P., and House, R. (2018). Economic Losses, Poverty and Disasters 1998–2017. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR).
2. Methodology for rapid seismic risk assessment of health structures: Case study of the hospital system in Florence, Italy10.1016/j.ijdrr.2012.07.001 ↗
3. World Health Organization Europe Region Office (EURO) (2006). Health Facility Seismic Vulnerability Evaluation: A Handbook, Disaster Preparedness and Response Programme (DPR) Division of Country Support, Country Policies, Systems and Services (DCS/CPS) World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe (WHO/EURO).
4. Nuti, V., Santini, S., and Vanzi, I. (2004, January 1–6). Seismic Assessment of the Molise Hospitals and Upgrading Strategies. Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
5. D’Ayala, D., Galasso, C., Minas, S., and Novelli, V. (2015). Review of Methods to Assess the Seismic Vulnerability of Buildings, with Particular Reference to Hospitals and Medical Facilities, Evidence on Demand.10.12774/eod_hd.june2015.dayaladetal ↗
6. Masi, A., Santarsiero, G., and Chiauzzi, L. (2012, January 24–28). Vulnerability Assessment and Seismic Risk Reduction Strategies of Hospitals in Basilicata Region (Italy). Proceedings of the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering—WCEE, Lisbon, Portugal.
7. Yu, P., Wen, W., Ji, D., Zhai, C., and Xie, L. (2019). A framework to assess the seismic resilience of urban hospitals. Adv. Civ. Eng., 2019.10.1155/2019/7654683 ↗
8. Rapid visual screening for seismic evaluation of RC hospital buildings10.1016/j.istruc.2015.03.002 ↗
9. “Time-building specific” seismic vulnerability assessment of a hospital RC building using field monitoring data10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.01.009 ↗
10. Estêvão, J.M.C. (2019). An integrated computational approach for seismic risk assessment of individual buildings. Appl. Sci., 9.10.3390/app9235088 ↗
11. Case study of seismic performance assessment of irregular RC buildings: Hospital structure of Avezzano (L’Aquila, Italy)10.1007/s11803-015-0012-7 ↗
12. Seismic assessment of a real RC asymmetric hospital building according to NTC 2008 analysis methods10.1007/s10518-015-9758-6 ↗
13. Massone, L.M., Bonelli, P., Lagos, R., Lüders, C., Moehle, J., and Wallace, J.W. (2012). Seismic design and construction practices for RC structural wall buildings. Earthq. Spectra, 28.10.1193/1.4000046 ↗
14. Guest editorial: Nonlinear modelling of reinforced concrete structural walls10.1007/s10518-019-00715-z ↗
15. A contribution to the seismic performance and loss assessment of old RC wall-frame buildings10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.109369 ↗
16. Collapse Assessment of the Alto Rio Building in the 2010 Chile Earthquake10.1193/060812EQS209M ↗
17. Collapse risk assessment of a Chilean dual wall-frame reinforced concrete office building10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.01.006 ↗
18. Assessment of the seismic capacity of tall wall buildings using nonlinear finite element modeling10.1007/s10518-019-00644-x ↗
19. Seismic collapse propagation in 6-story RC regular and irregular buildings10.12989/eas.2013.5.6.753 ↗
20. Roohi, M., and Hernandez, E.M. (2020). Performance-based post-earthquake decision making for instrumented buildings. J. Civ. Struct. Heal. Monit.10.1007/s13349-020-00416-1 ↗
21. Assessment of the seismic performance of low-rise RC structures by procedures with different levels of complexity10.1007/s10518-015-9803-5 ↗
22. Prevolnik, S., Herak, M., Dasović, I., Fiket, T., Ivančić, I., Kuk, K., Markušić, S., Mustać, M., Sović, I., and Stipčević, J. (2019). Seismic Performance Assessment of BUILDING D of General Hospital Dubrovnik, European Regional Development Fund, EU. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Geophysics and University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Interreg Readiness, Italy-Croatia.
23. Modal identification of output-only systems using frequency domain decomposition10.1088/0964-1726/10/3/303 ↗
24. System Identification Methods for (Operational) Modal Analysis: Review and Comparison10.1007/s11831-012-9069-x ↗
25. A frequency-spatial domain decomposition (FSDD) method for operational modal analysis10.1016/j.ymssp.2009.10.024 ↗
26. Atalić, J., Šavor Novak, M., and Uroš, M. (2018). Updated risk Assessment of Natural Disasters in Republic of Croatia—Seismic Risk Assessment, Faculty of Civil Engineering in collaboration with Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning and National Protection and Rescue Directorate. (In Croatian).
27. Seismic risk for Croatia: Overview of research activities and present assessments with guidelines for the future
28. Šavor Novak, M., Atalić, J., Uroš, M., Herak, M., Demšić, M., Baniček, M., Lazarević, D., Bijelić, N., Crnogorac, M., and Todorić, M. 22 March 2020 Zagreb, Croatia Earthquake: Preliminary Report on Seismological Aspects and Observed Damage. GRADEVINAR under review.
29. HZN (2011). HRN EN 1998-1, Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance—Part 1: General Rules, Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings, HZN. (In Croatian).
30. SFRY Official Gazette (1981). Code of Technical Regulations for the Construction of Building in Seismic Areas, SFRJ 31/81, 49/82, 29/83, 20/88, 52/90, SFRY Official Gazette. (In Croatian).
31. A method for dynamic characteristics estimation of subsurface using microtremor on the ground surface
32. (2019, February 20). Google Maps,. Available online: https://www.google.com/maps.
33. Herak, M., Allegretti, I., Herak, D., Ivančić, I., Kuk, V., Marić, K., Markušić, S., and Sović, I. (2019, February 20). Republic of Croatia, Seismic Hazard Map,. Available online: http://seizkarta.gfz.hr.
34. Uniform hazard spectra in North-western Bosna and Hercegovina
35. Uniform hazard earthquake acceleration spectra in Kraljevo-Contributions from local seismicity
36. Minimum radius of seismic activity for earthquake hazard analyses
37. Uniform hazard spectra in western Balkan Peninsula10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.08.001 ↗
38. Gasparini, D., and Vanmarcke, E.H. (1976). Simulated Earthquake Motions Compatible with Prescribed Response Spectra.
39. Seismosoft (2018). SeismoArtif 2018—A Computer Program for Generating Artificial Earthquake Accelerograms Matched to a Specific Target Response Spectrum, Seismosoft Ltd.
40. Trifunac, M.D. (1993). Broad Band Extension of Fourier Amplitude Spectra of Strong Motion Acceleration, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California. Report No. 93–01.
41. Lee, V., and Trifunac, M.D. (1995). Frequency Dependent Attenuation Function and Fourier Amplitude Spectra of Strong Earthquake Ground Motion in California, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California. Report No. 95–03.
42. A study on the duration of strong earthquake ground motion
43. CSI (2011). CSI Analysis Reference Manual For SAP2000, ETABS, SAFE and CSiBridge, Computers and Structures, Inc.
44. HZN (2011). HRN EN 1998-3, Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance—Part 3: Assessment and Retrofitting of Buildings, HZN. (In Croatian).
45. ASCE (2014). Seismic Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings, ASCE/SEI 41-13, American Society of Civil Engineers.
46. NIST (2017). Recommended Modeling Parameters and Acceptance Criteria for Nonlinear Analysis in Support of Seismic Evaluation, Retrofit, and Design, NIST GCR 17-917-45, Applied Technology Council for the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
47. NIST (2010). NEHRP Seismic Design Technical Brief No. 4: Nonlinear Structural Analysis for Seismic Design: A Guide for Practicing Engineers, NIST GCR 10-917-5, NEHRP Consultants Joint Venture, a partnership of the Applied Technology Council and the Consortium for Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering, for the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
48. NIST (2017). Guidelines for Nonlinear Structural Analysis and Design of Buildings, Part I—General, NIST GCR 17-917-46v1, Applied Technology Council for the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
49. FEMA (1997). NEHRP Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, FEMA 273, Applied Technology Council for Federal Emergency Management Agency.
50. FEMA (1997). NEHRP Commentary on the Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, FEMA 274, Applied Technology Council for Federal Emergency Management Agency.
51. FEMA (2000). Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, FEMA 356, American Society of Civil Engineers for the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
52. FEMA (2012). Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings, FEMA P-58, Applied Technology Council for Federal Emergency Management Agency.
53. FIB (2003). Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Buildings, STATE-of-the-Art Report Prepared by Task Group 7.1, FIB. bulletin 24.
54. Grammatikou, S., Biskinis, D., and Fardis, M.N. (2015). Strength, deformation capacity and failure modes of RC walls under cyclic loading. Bull. Earthq. Eng., 3277–3300.10.1007/s10518-015-9762-x ↗
55. Models of the flexure-controlled strength, stiffness and cyclic deformation capacity of rectangular RC columns with smooth bars, including lap-splicing and FRP jackets10.1007/s10518-017-0202-y ↗
56. Shear strength of squat reinforced concrete walls subjected to earthquake loading—trends and models10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.04.022 ↗
57. Cyclic lateral load behavior of squat reinforced concrete walls10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.01.024 ↗
58. HZN (2013). HRN EN 1992-1-1, Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete—Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings, HZN. (In Croatian).
59. ACI (2014). Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, ACI 318-14, American Concrete Institute.
60. Modeling criteria of older non-ductile concrete frame–wall buildings10.1007/s10518-019-00697-y ↗
61. Experimental investigation of existing non-conforming RC shear walls10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.02.063 ↗
62. Modeling approaches suitable for pushover analyses of RC structural wall buildings10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.09.023 ↗