journal article·2025-06-27Open access

A Review of the Methods Used in the Study of Creep Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Composites and Future Developments

Mostafa Katouzian, Sorin Vlase

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 13

Abstract

This paper presents the main methods for analyzing the creep of fiber-reinforced composite materials used by researchers. Creep is a characteristic property of composites made of a fiber-reinforced matrix and determines the acceptability of some materials in various engineering applications. The paper attempts to update the works in the field with recent research and analyzes the main methods for modeling these types of materials, the calculation methods, and the results obtained by researchers. It thus provides a framework for researchers to choose the most appropriate calculation method for the specific application studied. The results that have already become classics, along with the results that have appeared recently and special cases, are critically presented in the paper. Future research directions are highlighted for the various methods described and for the field as a whole.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Mechanical Behavior of Composites · Composite Material Mechanics · Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania

Institute of Solid Mechanics of Romanian Academy, Str. C. Mille, 15, 010141 Bucharest, Romania

Funding

Transilvania University of Brasov

References (100+)

Show source-provided references
1. Ansari, M.N.M., and Shanks, R.A. (2011, January 13–16). Cellulose Fiber and Nano-Fiber Composites based on Castor Oil-Polyurethane Matrix. Proceedings of the NSTI Nanotechnology Conference and Expo: Bio Sensors, Instruments, Medical, Environment and Energy, Boston, MA, USA.
2. Babu, J.S.S., Nair, K.P., and Kang, C.G. (2006, January 11–13). Hybrid preform for metal matrix composites: Processing and characterization. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and Composites, Busan, Republic of Korea.10.4028/3-908451-26-4.421 ↗
3. Directionally Solidified Al2O3-Er3Al5O12-ZrO2 Eutectic Ceramics with Interpenetrating or Nanofibrillar Microstructure: Residual Stress Analysis10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.05068.x ↗
4. A new theoretical creep model of an epoxy-graphene composite based on experimental investigation: Effect of graphene content
5. Experimental test and curve fitting of creep recovery characteristics of modified graphene oxide natural rubber and its relationship with temperature10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106509 ↗
6. Evaluating the effective creep properties of graphene-reinforced polymer nanocomposites by a homogenization approach10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.108791 ↗
7. Enhanced non-linear viscoelastic properties of TATB-based polymer bonded explosives filled with hybrid graphene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes10.1039/C5RA21515C ↗
8. Long-term creep of hybrid aramid/glass-fiber-reinforced plastics10.1023/A:1012313717631 ↗
9. Creep evaluation for fiber-reinforced composites with hybrid fibers: From quantifying fiber anchorage effect to homogenization model10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111204 ↗
10. Creep-Behavior of a Hybrid Fiber (Glass/Carbon) Reinforced Composite and its Application10.1016/0266-3538(94)90051-5 ↗
11. Viscoplastic characterization and modeling of hybrid carbon fiber/carbon nanotubes reinforced composites10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.06.029 ↗
12. Microstructure and creep behaviour of magnesium hybrid composites10.1016/j.msea.2006.02.466 ↗
13. Viscoelastic behavior of epoxy/carbon fiber/Zno nano-rods hybrid composites10.1002/pc.23106 ↗
14. A multi-scale constitutive formulation for the nonlinear viscoelastic analysis of laminated composite materials and structures10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.02.008 ↗
15. Applicability of micro-macro decoupling scheme to two-scale analysis of fiber-reinforced plastics10.1080/09243046.2014.915098 ↗
16. A multi-scale framework for layered composites with thermo-rheologically complex behaviors10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.01.015 ↗
17. Linear creep of bonded FRP-strengthened metallic structures at warm service temperatures10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122699 ↗
18. Numerical modelling of the creep behaviour of GFRP sandwich panels using the Carrera Unified Formulation and Composite Creep Modelling10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.01.074 ↗
19. A mechanism-based multi-scale model for predicting thermo-oxidative degradation in high temperature polymer matrix composites10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.04.018 ↗
20. Katouzian, M., Vlase, S., Marin, M., and Scutaru, M.L. (2023). Modeling Study of the Creep Behavior of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Review. Polymers, 15.10.3390/polym15010194 ↗
21. Smart Driving Hardware Augmentation by Flexible Piezoresistive Sensor Matrices with Grafted-on Anticreep Composites10.1002/advs.202408313 ↗
22. Silkworm-Shaped MoS2 Growing on Graphene Foam for Highly Sensitive and Flexible Strain Sensor with Full-Scale Human Motion Detection Ability10.1002/admt.202401621 ↗
23. Physics-informed machine learning with high-throughput design module for evaluating rupture life and guiding design of oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composites10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.08.167 ↗
24. Kubo, A., and Umeno, Y. (2021). Machine-Learning-Based Atomistic Model Analysis on High-Temperature Compressive Creep Properties of Amorphous Silicon Carbide. Materials, 14.10.3390/ma14071597 ↗
25. Understanding creep suppression mechanisms in polymer nanocomposites through machine learning10.1039/D3SM00898C ↗
26. Tribological evolution of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and its composites for hip and knee replacement implants: A review
27. Life prediction for rate-dependent low-cycle fatigue of PA6 polymer considering ratchetting: Semi-empirical model and neural network based approach10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2020.105619 ↗
28. Cumulative creep damage for unidirectional composites under step loading10.1007/s11043-012-9168-y ↗
29. Local approach of fracture based on continuum damage mechanics and the related problems
30. Prediction of viscoelastic effective creep compliances in cracked cross-ply composite laminates10.1016/j.mechmat.2024.105085 ↗
31. Probabilistic fatigue-creep life prediction of composites10.1177/0731684404031653 ↗
32. Time-dependent failure criteria for polymer matrix composites: A review10.1177/0731684410370067 ↗
33. The physics and mechanics of brittle matrix composites
34. Experimental and Computational Investigations of Creep Responses of Wood/PVC Composite Members10.3139/217.2927 ↗
35. An Experimental Study on Creep Damage of In-Situ TIC-Based Composites10.1166/asl.2011.1570 ↗
36. Experimental research on creep properties of composite geomembrane
37. Creep-Behavior of Unidirectional Composites10.1007/BF00350154 ↗
38. Experimental investigation and numerical modeling of creep response of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites10.1111/ffe.13415 ↗
39. Creep rupture failure of woven composites
40. Effect of Surface Treatment on Creep Property of Jute Fiber Reinforced Green Composite under Environmental Temperature10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.525-526.53 ↗
41. Natural fiber textile reinforced bio-based composites: Mechanical properties, creep, and environmental impacts10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.038 ↗
42. Effect of environmental humidity on the creep behavior of flax fiber-reinforced polymer composites
43. Morscher, G.N. (2015). Stress-Environmental Effects on Fiber-Reinforced SiC-Based Composites. Ceramic Matrix Composites: Materials, Modeling and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.10.1002/9781118832998.ch11 ↗
44. Ruggles-Wrenn, M.B. (2015). Environmental Effects on Oxide/Oxide Composites. Ceramic Matrix Composites: Materials, Modeling and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.10.1002/9781118832998.ch10 ↗
45. Raji, M., Zari, N., Bouhfid, R., and Qaiss, A.E. (2019). Durability of composite materials during hydrothermal and environmental aging. Durability and Life Prediction in Biocomposites, Fiber-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites, Woodhead Publishing.10.1016/B978-0-08-102290-0.00005-2 ↗
46. Effects of steam environment on compressive creep behavior of Nextel™720/Alumina ceramic composite at 1200 °C10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.09.005 ↗
47. Barreira-Pinto, R., Carneiro, R., Miranda, M., and Guedes, R.M. (2023). Polymer-Matrix Composites: Characterising the Impact of Environmental Factors on Their Lifetime. Materials, 16.10.3390/ma16113913 ↗
48. Evaluation of Functional Units Including Time-Dependent Properties for Environmental Impact Modeling of Biobased Composites10.1166/jbmb.2013.1388 ↗
49. Influence of fiber alignment on creep in directionally solidified NiAl-10Mo in-situ composites10.1016/j.intermet.2012.12.007 ↗
50. Identification of safe and stable operation conditions for pressure retarded osmosis with high performance hollow fiber membrane10.1016/j.memsci.2015.12.041 ↗
51. Liquid Metal Infiltration Processing of Metallic Composites: A Critical Review10.1007/s11663-016-0751-5 ↗
52. Spin test of three-dimensional composite rotor using polymer ring as a connection device for high-speed flywheel
53. Accelerated Creep Testing of CFRP with the Stepped Isostress Method Annual Conference and Exposition of the Society-for-Experimental-Mechanics on Experimental and Applied Mechanics
54. Accelerated creep and creep-rupture testing of transverse unidirectional carbon/epoxy lamina based on the stepped isostress method10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.09.096 ↗
55. Development of viscoplastic strains during creep in continuous fiber GMT composites10.1016/j.compositesb.2009.03.008 ↗
56. Mechanical properties and extended creep behavior of bamboo fiber reinforced recycled poly(lactic acid) composites using the time-temperature superposition principle10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.038 ↗
57. Comparison of Accelerated Compressive Creep Behavior of Virgin HDPE Using Thermal and Energy Approaches10.1007/s11665-010-9743-9 ↗
58. Creep-Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Polymeric Composites—A Review of the Technical Literature10.1177/073168449501400603 ↗
59. Papanicolaou, G.C., and Zaoutsos, S.P. (2011). Viscoelastic constitutive modeling of creep and stress relaxation in polymers and polymer matrix composites. Creep and Fatigue in Polymer Matrix Composites, Woodhead Publishing.10.1533/9780857090430.1.3 ↗
60. A damage evolution model for viscoelastic composite laminates10.1520/CTR10907J ↗
61. Multiscale modeling of viscoelastic behaviors of textile composites10.1016/j.ijengsci.2018.06.003 ↗
62. A micromechanics-based constitutive model for linear viscoelastic particle-reinforced composites10.1016/j.mechmat.2019.103228 ↗
63. Characterization of linear viscoelastic behavior of composites
64. A rheological constitutive model for damaged zone evolution of a tunnel considering strain hardening and softening10.1007/s40948-020-00181-x ↗
65. Development of a rheological model for creep strain evolution in steel and aluminium at high temperature10.1002/fam.2643 ↗
66. Triaxial Rheological Mechanism and Creep Model of Mudstone under Complex Stress
67. Program implementation of nonlinear rheological model based on yield approach index piecewise function
68. Prediction of the creep behaviour of bonded anchors until failure—A rheological approach10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.048 ↗
69. Hiel, C.C., Cardon, A.H., and Brinson, R. (1984, January 10–14). Viscoelastic Modeling of Epoxy-Resins for Adhesive and Composite Applications. Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Experimental Mechanics, Montreal, QC, Canada.
70. Laederman, H. (1943). Elastic and Creep Properties of Filamentous Materials and Other High Polymers, The Textile Foundation.
71. Nonlinear dynamic behaviors of viscoelastic shallow arches10.1007/s10483-009-0611-y ↗
72. Experimental investigation and modeling of viscoelastic behavior of concrete10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.010 ↗
73. A micromechanical model for nonlinear viscoelastic particle reinforced polymeric composite materials: Undamaged state 1st International Conference on Composites Testing and Model Identification10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.02.017 ↗
74. Mechanical behavior of CSM450 and RT800 laminates subjected to four-point bend tests
75. Viscoelastic Response of A Unidirectional Composite Containing 2 Viscoelastic Constituents10.1007/BF02327561 ↗
76. The Mechanics of Nonlinear Materials with Memory, Part I10.1007/BF00297992 ↗
77. The Mechanics of Nonlinear Materials with Memory, Part II10.1007/BF00284166 ↗
78. The Effect of Temperature on the Creep of Two Laminated Plastics as interpreted by the Hyperbolic Sine Law and Activation Energy Theory
79. Application of the Superposition Principle and Theories of Mechanical Equation of State and Time Hardening to Creep of Plastics under Changing Loads10.1063/1.1722102 ↗
80. On the Characterization of a Nonlinear Viscoelastic Materials10.1002/pen.760090410 ↗
81. Schapery, R.A. (1969). Further Development of a Thermodynamic Constitutive Stress Formulation, Purdue University. Report No. 69-2.
82. Creep-Based Characterization of Nonlinear Relaxation Behavior of Plastics10.1002/pen.760332105 ↗
83. Finite Strain Micromechanical Modeling of Multiphase Composites10.1615/IntJMultCompEng.v6.i5.30 ↗
84. Micromechanics Based Finite Element Analysis of Effective Elastic Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites10.1080/15440478.2022.2134265 ↗
85. An RVE-based micromechanical analysis of fiber-reinforced composites considering fiber size dependency10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.04.025 ↗
86. Nonlinear viscoelastic micromechanical analysis of fibre-reinforced polymer laminates with damage evolution10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.06.021 ↗
87. On the unit cell for micromechanical analysis of fibre-reinforced composites10.1098/rspa.1999.0336 ↗
88. Lim, T.C. (2015). Micromechanical Models for Auxetic Materials. Auxetic Materials and Structures, Springer.10.1007/978-981-287-275-3 ↗
89. Ouardi, A., Boukamel, A., and Damil, N. (2022, January 7–9). Towards a macro-chain polymer model using a micromechanical approach. Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Constitutive Models For Rubber (Eccmr), Constitutive Models For Rubber Xii, ECCMR 2022, Milano, Italy.10.1201/9781003310266-19 ↗
90. A micromechanical model of multi-scale nano-reinforced composites10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108121 ↗
91. Explicit multiscale modelling of impact damage on laminated composites—Part I: Validation of the micromechanical model10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.02.048 ↗
92. A unified periodical boundary conditions for representative volume elements of composites and applications10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00024-6 ↗
93. A multiscale progressive damage analysis for laminated composite structures using the parametric HFGMC micromechanics10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.11.089 ↗
94. Micromechanical modeling of damage development in polymer composites
95. Mechanical Properties Prediction by Geometric Modeling of Plain Weave Composites
96. Micromechanical Viscoelastic Analysis of Flax Fiber Reinforced Bio-Based Polyurethane Composites10.7569/JRM.2015.634112 ↗
97. Micromechanical viscoelastic characterization of fibrous composites10.1177/0021998308091221 ↗
98. Micromechanical characterization of the non-linear viscoelastic behavior of resin matrix composites10.1016/0266-3538(90)90022-W ↗
99. Aboudi, J. (1991). Mechanics of Composite Materials—A Unified Micromechanical Approach, Elsevier.
100. Effective properties of 0–3, 1–3, and 2–2 composites based on unified unit-cell micromechanics model10.1016/j.mechrescom.2021.103807 ↗