Structural Optimization and Airflow Uniformity Evaluation of Bag Filter Based on Different Diversion Schemes

To address issues such as uneven airflow distribution, reduced dust collection efficiency, and different filter bag lifespans in multi-chamber bag filters, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed to analyze the internal flow field and propose optimization strategies. The results revealed that, although there were differences in velocity and pressure fields across the chambers, the overall distribution patterns showed certain similarities. In the original filter model, disordered airflow from the high-velocity inlet led to significant discrepancies in airflow distribution, especially along the chamber sidewalls, top corners, and central regions, resulting in considerable variation in the airflow handled by individual filter bags. Furthermore, high velocities at the bottom of the filter bags caused severe wear, complicating bag detection and replacement. Therefore, an optimization approach involving three vertical descending deflectors in the hopper was proposed. Five optimization schemes were developed to improve airflow organization before it reached the filtration area. To validate the feasibility of the proposed design and the accuracy of the numerical model, experiments were conducted using a 1:10 scaled-down model. According to the simulation results, the optimal scheme reduced the inlet and outlet pressure drop by 11.2%, while improving airflow uniformity by 40–50%, leading to a more balanced airflow distribution and increased operational efficiency.