Seasonal Pollution Levels and Heavy Metal Contamination in the Jukskei River, South Africa
Source abstract
Abstract
Monitoring river systems is crucial for understanding and managing water resources, predicting natural disasters, and maintaining ecological balance. Assessment of heavy metal pollution derived valuable data which are critical for the environmental management and regulatory compliance of the Jukskei River. Heavy elements were evaluated in the Jukskei River for seasonal impact, potential health risks, and contamination level with concentration levels ranging from 6900 mg/kg iron (Fe) to 0.85 mg/kg cadmium (Cd) in the dry sampling season and 6900 mg/kg Fe to 0.26 mg/kg Cd in the wet season. Enrichment factor analysis indicated high contamination levels of Fe and Pb in both dry and wet seasons. Moreover, pollution indicators revealed extremely high contamination of geo-accumulation and enrichment factors in the downstream to upstream in both seasons with a mild contamination factor for mercury (Hg). Principal Component Analysis revealed anthropogenic sources of arsenic (As), Cd, and Pb due to wastewater and agricultural pesticide application while Thorium (Th), uranium (U) and Hg were attributed as a results of gold mining activities. ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis showed a high and moderate link between As–Pb, Cd–Pd, and As–Hg, which are significantly correlated. The potential ecological risk index assessment revealed a significant impact of heavy metals on the freshwater ecosystem.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Heavy metals in environment · Water Quality and Pollution Assessment · Environmental and Social Impact Assessments
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Analytical Chemistry Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg 2125, South Africa
School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
Funding
Water Research Commission · Mintek internal Science Vote
References (96)
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