The Bearing Surface Defect Detection Method Combining Magnetic Particle Testing and Deep Learning

As a critical foundational component, bearings find widespread application in various mechanical equipment. In order to achieve automated defect detection in the bearing-manufacturing process, a defect detection algorithm combining magnetic particle inspection with deep learning is proposed. Dynamic thresholding and generative adversarial network (GAN) methods are employed to extract defect samples from bearing images and augment the dataset, thereby enhancing data diversity. To mitigate the impact of irrelevant displays in bearing images, a coordinated attention (CA) mechanism is introduced into the backbone network of the deep learning model to focus on key information. Additionally, an adaptive spatial feature fusion module (ASFF) is incorporated during the multiscale fusion stage to maintain consistency in features across different hierarchical levels. The weighted intersection over union (WIoU) bounding box loss function is utilized to replace the original generalized intersection over union (GIoU) in the network, directing the model’s attention towards common-quality anchor boxes to reduce the adverse effects of inconsistent annotations. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved network achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 98.4% on the bearing dataset, representing a 4.2% improvement over the original network.