journal article·2023-10-02Open access

Failure Analysis of Resistance Spot-Welded Structure Using XFEM: Lifetime Assessment

Murat Demiral, Ertugrul Tolga Duran

Applied Sciences· Volume 13· Issue 19

Abstract

Due to their effective and affordable joining capabilities, resistance spot-welded (RSW) structures are widely used in many industries, including the automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing sectors. Because spot-welded structures are frequently subjected to cyclic stress conditions while in service, fatigue failure is a serious concern. It is essential to comprehend and predict their fatigue behavior in order to guarantee the dependability and durability of the relevant engineering products. The analysis of fatigue failure in spot-welded structures is the main topic of this paper, along with the prediction of fatigue life (Nf) and identification of failure mechanisms. Also, the effects of parameters such as the amount of cyclic load applied, the load ratio, and size of the spot-welding on the Nf were investigated. To achieve this, the fatigue performance of spot-welded joints was simulated using the extended finite element method (XFEM). The XFEM method is particularly suited for capturing intricate crack patterns in spot-welded structures because it allows for the modeling of crack propagation without the need for remeshing. It was observed that when the cycling load was decreased by 20%, Nf increased by around 250%. On the other hand, the fatigue life of the structure, and, hence, the crack propagation rate, was significantly affected by the load ratio and diameter of the spot-welding. This paper presents the details of the novel approach to studying spot-weld fatigue characterization using XFEMs to simulate crack propagation.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Advanced Welding Techniques Analysis · Fatigue and fracture mechanics · Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait

Funding

American University of the Middle East, Kuwait

References (42)

Show source-provided references
1. Davidson, A., and Imhof, E.J. (1983). A Fracture Mechanics and System-Stiffness Approach to Fatigue Performance of Spot-Welded Sheet Steels, SAE. SAE Technical Paper 830034.10.4271/830034 ↗
2. Verspeek, S., Ribbens, B., Maldague, X., and Steenackers, G. (2022). Spot weld inspections using active thermography. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app12115668 ↗
3. Optimization of Spot-Welded Structures10.1016/S0168-874X(01)00046-4 ↗
4. Dincer, S., Çınar, A., Dursun, A.K., Asureciler, B., Duran, E.T., and Mugan, A. (2006). A Comparative Study on the Finite Element Models for Spot Welds and Their Verification, SAE. SAE Technical Paper 2006-01-0590.10.4271/2006-01-0590 ↗
5. Wagare, V. (2017). Proceedings of Fatigue, Durability and Fracture Mechanics, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, Springer.
6. Effect of 3 Dimensional and 2 Dimensional Element Types on Stress and Life Analysis of Spot-Welded Components10.5505/pajes.2022.35853 ↗
7. Performance of Shell Elements in Modeling Spot-Welded Joints10.1016/S0168-874X(99)00055-4 ↗
8. Comparative Multi-Axial High-Cycle Fatigue Analysis of Spot Weld Models Using Findley’s Damage Criteria
9. Finite Element Based Multi-Axial Low Cycle Fatigue Analyses of Spot-Welded Components and Correlation with Tests10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105899 ↗
10. Duran, E.T. (2022). Effect of Load Distribution Modeling on the Accuracy of Spot Weld Analyses, SAE. SAE Technical Paper 2022-01-0776.10.4271/2022-01-0776 ↗
11. Sensitivity of Solid Element Spot Weld Modeling Methodology to Nugget Diameter10.4271/2022-01-0777 ↗
12. The Effect of Spot Weld Failure on Dynamic Vehicle Performance
13. Fatigue Analyses of Spot-Welded Joints Under Variable Amplitude Load History10.1016/0013-7944(95)00235-9 ↗
14. Rahman, M.M., Noor, M.M., Abu Bakar, R., and Sani, S. (2007, January 27–28). Fatigue Analyses of Spot-Welded Joints Using Finite Element Approach. Proceedings of the Regional Conference on Engineering Mathematics, Mechanics, Manufacturing & Architecture, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
15. A parametric study on fatigue strength of spot-weld joints10.1111/j.1460-2695.2008.01263.x ↗
16. Investigation of Fatigue Loading on Galvanized Iron AISI 4340 Sheet Metal Using Spot Welded Joint in Finite Element Analyses
17. Numerical stress analysis in resistance spot-welded nugget due to post-weld shear loading10.1016/j.jmapro.2017.05.007 ↗
18. Draffourg, S., Argoul, P., Vasseur, E., and Cumunel, G. (2018, January 11–14). Spot Weld Fatigue Life Prediction: New Criteria. Proceedings of the International Conference on Joining Materials—JOM 18, Helsingør, Denmark.
19. A comparative study of fatigue estimation methods for single-spot and multispot welds10.1111/ffe.13185 ↗
20. Reducing Number of Spots Using FEM Technique
21. Simulation of vehicle body spot weld failures due to fatigue by considering road roughness and vehicle velocity10.1016/j.simpat.2020.102168 ↗
22. Computationally effective spot-weld fatigue life estimation for vehicle components10.1002/pamm.201900137 ↗
23. Parametric investigation into fatigue life behaviour of spot welded tensile shear test samples10.1177/0954406220966352 ↗
24. Nikolic, R.R., Djokovic, J.M., Hadzima, B., and Ulewicz, R. (2020). Spot Weld Service Life Estimate Based on Application of the Interfacial Crack Concept. Materials, 13.10.3390/ma13132976 ↗
25. Fatigue Life Estimation of Spot Welded Joints using Interpolation/Extrapolation Technique10.1016/S0142-1123(99)00043-2 ↗
26. Fatigue Analysis of Spot Welds Using a Mesh-Insensitive Structural Stress Approach10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.10.025 ↗
27. Rupp, A., Störzel, K., and Grubisic, V. (1995). Computer Aided Dimensioning of Spot-Welded Automotive Structures, SAE. SAE Technical Paper 950711.10.4271/950711 ↗
28. Expert System for Fatigue Design of Spot-Welded Joint10.1299/jsmea.45.481 ↗
29. Effects of spot welded parameters on fatigue behavior of ferrite-martensite dual-phase steel and hybrid joints10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106079 ↗
30. Experimental study on fatigue performance of resistance spot-welded sheet metals10.1007/s00170-021-06822-z ↗
31. Experimental investigation and numerical modeling of the fatigue crack growth in friction stir spot welding of lap-shear specimen10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.04.026 ↗
32. Investigation on fatigue fracture behaviors of spot welded Q&P980 steel10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.03.004 ↗
33. Fatigue properties and failure characterization of spot welded high strength steel sheet10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.08.003 ↗
34. Fatigue properties of vibration-welded nylon 6 and nylon 66 reinforced with glass fibres10.1016/j.compositesb.2007.01.012 ↗
35. Effect of temperature on fatigue strength of vibration welded and unwelded glass reinforced nylon 610.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.03.017 ↗
36. Applications of ultrasonic testing and machine learning methods to predict the static & fatigue behavior of spot-welded joints10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.01.047 ↗
37. Fatigue evaluation method based on fracture fatigue entropy and its application on spot welded joints10.1016/j.engfracmech.2022.108820 ↗
38. Systemes, D. (2014). Abaqus 6.14 Documentation, Simulia Co.
39. Size effect in flexural behaviour of unidirectional GFRP composites10.1007/s12206-020-1109-0 ↗
40. Demiral, M., Abbassi, F., Muhammad, R., and Akpinar, S. (2023). Service Life Modelling of Single Lap Joint Subjected to Cyclic Bending Load. Aerospace, 10.10.3390/aerospace10010008 ↗
41. Fatigue crack propagation simulation of orthotropic bridge deck based on extended finite element method10.1016/j.prostr.2020.01.036 ↗
42. Effects of welding defects on the fatigue properties of spot welded automobile steel sheets and the establishment of a fatigue life evaluation method10.1007/s40194-021-01238-5 ↗